MonsterGirl’s 150 Days of Classic Horror #80 HOMICIDAL 1961 / THE NIGHT WALKER 1964 & THE TINGLER 1959

SPOILER ALERT!

HOMICIDAL 1961


William Castle, the self-styled King of the Gimmick, was Hollywood’s ultimate showman-a director who gleefully blurred the line between movie and carnival sideshow, and who never met a B-horror plot he couldn’t juice up with a little razzle-dazzle.

But beneath the ballyhoo, Castle was a savvy craftsman, and two of his most memorable films, Homicidal (1961) and The Night Walker (1964), show just how much fun he could have with a twisty plot, a talented cast, and a well-timed jolt of terror.

Let’s start with Homicidal, Castle’s cheeky answer to Hitchcock’s Psycho 1960. He didn’t just borrow the “shocking family secret” formula- he doubled down, adding his own signature: the famous “Fright Break.” Just before the film’s final reveal, Castle offered terrified audience members a chance to flee the theater and get their money back, part of his signature moves so audacious it’s still talked and laughed about today.

As the film reached its suspenseful climax, a 45-second timer appeared on the screen, and Castle’s voice offered terrified audience members a chance to leave the theater and get a full refund if they were too scared to watch the ending. However, there was a catch: anyone who took the offer had to follow yellow footsteps up the aisle, often under a yellow spotlight, to a designated “Coward’s Corner” in the lobby, where they were met by a nurse, given a mock blood pressure test, and required to sign a card admitting, “I am a bona fide coward,” all while the rest of the audience watched and a recording loudly mocked their retreat. This elaborate, theatrical stunt ensured that very few actually took the refund, but it became one of Castle’s most memorable and entertaining promotional gimmicks.

The film itself is a feverish potboiler set in a sleepy California burg, where a mysterious woman named Emily (Joan Marshall, credited as Jean Arless) commits a brutal murder and then insinuates herself into the lives of a wealthy family. Glenn Corbett and Patricia Breslin anchor the cast, but it’s Marshall’s dual gender-subverting performance, switching between the icy Emily and the tormented Warren, that gives the film its edge.

Burnett Guffey’s cinematography (From Here to Eternity 1953, Bonnie and Clyde 1967) bathes the action in shadowy black-and-white, amplifying the Gothic atmosphere. Hugo Friedhofer’s score ratchets up the tension. The plot zigs and zags through family secrets, inheritance schemes, and gender-bending disguises, culminating in a wild reveal that’s as much camp as it is shock.

The film’s best scenes- Emily’s chilling murder of the justice of the peace, the flower shop rampage, and the climactic unmasking- are pure Castle: lurid, suspenseful, and just a little bit tongue-in-cheek.

The film opens in a quiet California town, the kind of place where nothing ever happens-until a mysterious, strikingly cold blonde named Emily checks into a hotel and immediately sets the front desk clerk on edge. She’s got a voice like ice water and a suitcase full of secrets. Without much small talk, Emily offers the hotel bellboy, Jim, a whopping $2,000 to marry her tonight, no questions asked.

Jim, thinking he’s just won the weirdest lottery in town, agrees. The two head to the justice of the peace’s house, where the marriage ceremony is barely underway before Emily suddenly pulls a knife and murders the officiant in cold blood, then bolts into the night, leaving Jim in a state of shock and the audience wondering what on earth they’ve just witnessed.

Emily flees to the home of Helga, a mute, wheelchair-bound woman she cares for, and the house is instantly steeped in Gothic dread. The place is all heavy, with the sense that everyone has something to hide. Emily’s connection to the family is murky; she’s the nurse for Helga, but she also seems to have a strange hold over the household.

Helga (Eugenie Leontovich) is the elderly, mute, wheelchair-bound housekeeper and former childhood guardian (or nanny) of Warren and Miriam, who grew up in the mansion together. Helga is Danish and was brought into the family to care for Warren as a child, and she remained in the household as a caretaker figure as the children grew up. She is deeply entwined in the family’s history and secrets, having been the only one (besides the county clerk) who knew Warren’s true gender at birth.

—A twisted segment of dread and dark comedy – Helga’s, silent terror, voiceless but determined, turns her wheelchair-bound plight into a desperate, relentless, metallic clatter- and a percussive performance, banging the doorknob with frantic rhythm. Each metallic thud is her Morse code for “danger!” – a wordless SOS that echoes like a ghost tapping out warnings on the pipes. The doorknob becomes her voice, clattering and clanging with all the urgency her lips can’t muster, while Emily, with an evil twinkle in her eye, watches in chilling restraint – the suspense is almost slapstick, as Helga’s banging cuts through the scene.

Miriam Webster (Patricia Breslin) is sweet and trusting, and her half-brother, Warren, is due back from a trip. There’s also Ollie, played by Wolfe Barzell, the family’s loyal gardener, who’s suspicious of Emily from the start.

Meanwhile, the police are on the hunt for the justice of the peace’s killer, and their investigation quickly leads them to the Webster household. Emily’s behavior grows more erratic and menacing; she terrorizes Helga, stalks Miriam, and generally acts like she’s auditioning for the role of cool psycho-blonde. The tension ratchets up as Emily’s motives remain mysterious, and the audience is left guessing: Is she after the family money? Is she hiding from someone? Or is she just plain unhinged?

Warren finally returns home, and his presence only deepens the mystery. He’s gentle, soft-spoken, and seems genuinely fond of Miriam and Helga, but his relationship with Emily is tense and fraught with secrets.

Miriam, increasingly unnerved by Emily’s behavior, confides in her boyfriend, the local pharmacist, Karl, played by Glenn Corbet and together they start piecing together the clues. The film’s infamous “Fright Break” looms- the moment when Castle, ever the showman, gives the audience under a minute to flee the theater if they’re too scared to see how it all ends.

As the story barrels toward its climax, the truth comes crashing in: the big reveal in Homicidal is that Emily and Warren are, in fact, the same person. Warren, born a female yet raised as a boy Warren was assigned female at birth, but due to the violent misogyny of his father-who insisted that only a male heir could inherit the family fortune-Warren’s mother, with the help of Helga (the housekeeper) and the county clerk, bribed the clerk to record the birth as male and raised the child as a boy. This deception was meant to protect them from the father’s wrath and to ensure the inheritance stayed within the family.

Warren/Emily has been living a double life, switching between identities to keep the Webster fortune out of Miriam’s hands. Warren grew up presenting as male, but as an adult, created the identity of Emily, allowing “her” to live as a woman away from those who knew the truth. When Warren’s father died, the will stipulated that only a male child could inherit; if Warren were discovered to be female, the inheritance would go to Miriam.

To protect this secret and secure the inheritance, Warren/Emily resorts to murder and intimidation, targeting anyone who might expose the truth, including the justice of the peace (who knew of the deception), Helga, and ultimately Miriam.

The revelation is a wild, gender-bending twist that would make even Hitchcock raise an eyebrow. In a final confrontation, Miriam faces off against “Emily,” and the truth is laid bare in a sensational scene.

In the end, the police arrive just in time to save Miriam, and Warren/Emily’s reign of terror is over. The Webster house, once a nest of secrets, is finally at peace, though the audience is probably still catching its breath from Castle’s rollercoaster of shocks, shadows, and sly winks at the camera.

That’s Homicidal: a film that starts with a bang, keeps you guessing, and delivers a finale as audacious as any in Castle’s bag of tricks.

THE NIGHT WALKER 1964

Fast-forward a few years to The Night Walker, and you’ll find Castle in a slightly different mood- still playful, but more restrained, and with a cast that’s pure Hollywood royalty. In her final big-screen role, Barbara Stanwyck stars as Irene Trent, a woman haunted by dreams, with Lloyd Bochner credited as “The Dream,” her mysterious nocturnal lover. In the opening sequence of The Night Walker, darkness unfurls like velvet across the screen, and the world slips into the hush of fancy. Paul Frees’s voice, smooth and omniscient, beckons us into the secret world behind our eyelids, where logic dissolves and shadows reign.

The camera glides, dreamlike, through a gallery of strange, surreal images- a painted realm where reality and fantasy bleed together. Amid the swirling mists of sleep, we glimpse the unsettling centerpiece: a painting, its surface rippling with the suggestion of hidden depths, as if the canvas itself is a portal to the subconscious. Eyes-cold, white, unblinking-seem to float just beneath the painted surface, watching, waiting. The music by Vic Mizzy shivers through the air, at once shrill and hypnotic, as if echoing the restless pulse of a nightmare. In this liminal space, faces emerge and dissolve, creatures of the mind’s own making, and sometimes we are the watcher, sometimes the watched. The painting is both a boundary and an invitation: step closer and you might tumble headlong into the world it conceals, a dizzying world where death and desire entwine, and every brushstroke conceals menace.

As the sequence unfolds, the painting’s gaze follows, chilling and inescapable- a harbinger of the fevered visions and haunted nights that lie ahead. Here, in the painted darkness, the line between dream and waking life is as thin as a veil, and the nightmare is only just beginning, including the image of an eyeball in a closed fist, a surreal motif that lingers in the mind.

Note: The painting featured in the opening sequence of The Night Walker– the one depicting a devilish imp sitting on a woman lying in bed- is The Nightmare (1781) by Henry Fuseli. This iconic work shows a woman draped over her bed in deep sleep, while a demonic incubus crouches on her chest and a ghostly horse (the “night-mare”) peers through the curtains. Fuseli’s painting is famous for its haunting, erotic, and psychologically charged imagery, symbolizing the experience of nightmares and the folklore of demons or witches tormenting the sleeper. Art historians and critics most often describe it as an incubus, a mythological demon said to torment or prey upon victims while they slumber, especially women, by sitting on their chests and inducing nightmares. Some also refer to it as an “imp,” a squat, brown, goblin-like figure with pointed ears, crouched awkwardly as if caught in the act, its wide eyes staring directly out at us.

Okay, back to Castle’s funhouse ride…

Irene Trent lives in the shadowy oppressive confines of a mansion not haunted by ghosts, but dominated by her blind, obsessively controlling husband, Howard (Hayden Rorke), whose jealousy is as suffocating as the synchronized cuckoo clocks that fill their home and the constant whir of tape recorders, as Howard is convinced Irene is having an affair, though she never leaves the house and has no visitors.

Howard’s paranoia is relentless; he records every conversation, suspecting Irene of infidelity, and his only trusted visitor is his attorney, Barry Morland (Robert Taylor). Trapped and longing for escape, Irene finds solace only in her dreams, where a mysterious, tender lover visits her nightly, offering the affection and freedom she is denied in waking life. A fantasy that becomes both comfort and torment.

Irene finds herself narrating her nightly rendezvous with a handsome, blue-eyed dreamboat- meanwhile, her husband, Howard, is lurking in the shadows, eavesdropping like a jealous bat with a tape recorder. Every sultry detail she utters just pours gasoline on Howard’s obsession, turning Irene’s days into a marathon of paranoia and her nights into a soap opera Howard can’t stop listening to. Poor Irene is married to a man who’s got one ear pressed to the door and the other on his own cuckoo clocks.

“Yes!  Yes, I do have a lover.  He comes to me every night.  He holds me in his arms.  He’s young, handsome and tender.  He’s everything I’ve ever wanted, everything you’re not…my lover’s only a dream but he’s still more of a man than you!”

Tensions in the Trent household spiral until, after a fierce argument, Irene flees, and Howard is killed in a violent explosion in his upstairs laboratory. The blast is so complete that nothing of Howard is left but suspicion and dread, leaving the remains of the charred lab locked away. Irene will become haunted by Howard’s ghost, and the faint sounds of his cane tapping on the floor all set the hypnotic rhythm of Mizzy’s score.

Though Irene is now a wealthy widow, her peace is short-lived. She moves back into the modest apartment behind her beauty shop, finding a confidante in Joyce, her newly hired beautician.

Joyce is played by Judi Meredith, who was a familiar face in 1960s genre cinema and television, often bringing a bright presence to suspense and horror projects – notable horror and sci-fi films she appeared in include: Queen of Blood (1966), where she played Laura James in Curtis Harrington’s cult classic about a deadly alien vampire queen brought back to Earth. She also starred in Dark Intruder (1965), a supernatural mystery in which she played Evelyn Lang, caught up in a string of occult murders in Victorian San Francisco. Starring Leslie Nielsen, the film was a failed pilot for a proposed television series.

Irene is swept away by her fantasy lover, and the boundaries between dream and reality begin to blur as Irene’s nocturnal visions intensify. In one, she is set to wed her dream lover in a chapel filled with creepy waxen witnesses, only for the ceremony to be interrupted when Howard intrudes, scarred and vengeful, forcing her to remarry him, a nightmarish echo of her waking fears.

Haunted by these dreams, Irene visits the real chapel with Barry, where she finds a wedding ring from her vision, deepening her confusion. Barry, at first skeptical, suggests that a private detective named George Fuller (Lloyd Bochner), hired by Howard to spy on Irene, might be behind these manipulations. Meanwhile, Irene’s sense of safety unravels.

Joyce relays an anonymous message to Irene – from George: “Pleasant dreams.” Soon after, Joyce is murdered in the beauty shop by a figure resembling Howard, who is actually Barry in a move to get anyone out of the way who could implicate him in the scheme to drive Irene insane.

Joyce is not simply a victim in The Night Walker; she is actually complicit in the plot against Irene. She was working with Barry and George to gaslight her. Joyce was involved in drugging her at bedtime so that Barry and his accomplice (George the “dream lover”) could manipulate her nocturnal adventures and drive her toward madness.

After Joyce’s murder, Barry claims to Irene that he has been attacked as well, insisting that Howard might still be alive.

Desperate for answers, Irene and Barry (still playing along) return to the Trent estate. Barry enters the house alone while Irene tries to call the police, only to find the phone line cut. Gunshots echo through the house, and Irene rushes inside and into the ruined laboratory, where the truth is revealed: Barry has been impersonating Howard using a lifelike mask. He finally confesses to causing the explosion, orchestrating Howard’s death, after tricking him into signing a will that made him the primary beneficiary. Barry’s plan was to drive Irene mad with staged “dreams” and keep her from discovering the truth.

George Fuller, who has been blackmailing Barry for half of Howard’s estate, is actually Joyce’s husband. He intervenes, shooting Barry in revenge for killing Joyce and turning his rage on Irene to eliminate her as a witness. In the chaos, Barry rallies to defend her, and both men plunge to their deaths through the gaping hole in the floor. Left alone, staring down at the bodies of her tormentors, Irene’s laughter rings out-hysterical, unmoored-caught somewhere between relief and madness, as the nightmare finally comes to an end.

In a delicious bit of casting, Robert Taylor, Stanwyck’s real-life ex-husband, was cast to play Barry Morland, the lawyer who becomes deeply involved in Irene Trent’s increasingly nightmarish life. As the story unfolds, Barry is revealed to be a central figure in the film’s web of deception and suspense, ultimately unmasked as the mastermind behind much of the psychological torment Irene experiences.

The screenplay, by Psycho scribe Robert Bloch, weaves this web of nightmares, suspicion, and gaslighting, as Irene is pursued by visions of her burned, vengeful husband, Howard Trent. The makeup for Howard Trent’s eyes in The Night Walker is strikingly eerie and memorable, contributing significantly to the film’s unsettling atmosphere. To portray Howard’s blindness and evoke a sense of otherworldly menace, the makeup artists gave actor Hayden Rorke unnaturally pale, almost luminescent white eyeballs. This effect was likely achieved with special opaque contact lenses that completely obscured the natural iris and pupil, giving his gaze a blank, lifeless quality. The result is a chilling visual: Howard’s eyes appear cold, vacant, and corpse-like, amplifying both his physical vulnerability and his spectral presence after death.

Castle dials back the gimmicks here, letting the story’s surreal, dreamlike logic do the heavy lifting. Vic Mizzy’s hypnotic score and the film’s moody, noir-inspired cinematography create a genuinely eerie atmosphere.

Vic Mizzy’s score for The Night Walker unfurls like a fever dream, its textures both unsettling and slyly spellbinding. Mizzy’s orchestration is at once minimalist and richly suggestive. The music opens with a dark, repetitive guitar motif- a spectral thread that winds through the film, conjuring the sense of being caught between waking and nightmare. Beneath this, vibraphone and hammered dulcimer shimmer and clatter, their metallic voices evoking the eerie chime of distant clocks or the delicate footfalls of something unseen in the night. Harp arpeggios ripple like the surface of disturbed water, while occasional organ chords swell with a Gothic grandeur, echoing through the empty corridors of Irene’s haunted mind.

The guitar’s insistent pulse is joined by subtle, ghostly woodwinds and the occasional brush of strings, each instrument entering like a shadow at the edge of a dream. The cues shift from tense, repetitive figures- heightening suspense and paranoia- to passages of almost romantic melancholy, as if mourning the love lost to Irene’s troubled sleep. In moments of terror, the score sharpens: hammered dulcimer and vibraphone strike out in anxious patterns, and the organ’s voice becomes a shudder, a warning, a breath held in the darkness. Throughout, Mizzy’s music is both modern and timeless, perfectly matching Castle’s surreal visuals.

William Castle never quite tips his hand, making the final reveal all the more satisfying. His legacy is that of a showman who understood both the power of a good scare and the joy of letting the audience in on the joke. Whether electrifying theater seats or inviting you to bolt for the lobby, he made horror fun—and in Homicidal and The Night Walker, he gave us B-movie thrills with a wink, a scream, and even a tingle!

THE TINGLER 1959

Speaking of tingles!…

William Castle’s The Tingler (1959): A Spine-Tingling Carnival of Camp and Chaos!

Vincent Price, with a voice like velvet dipped in arsenic, leans into the camera and purrs, “Ladies and gentlemen, please do not panic… but scream! Scream for your lives!” And just like that, The Tingler – a film that’s equal parts science lecture, LSD trip, and haunted house ride- lunges at you with all the subtlety of a rubber centipede on a sugar rush. Yet another delirious gem directed by the P.T. Barnum of horror, William Castle, this 1959 schlock masterpiece isn’t just a movie; it’s a prank, a dare, and a carnival barker’s phantasmagoria rolled into 82 minutes of glorious nonsense. Buckle up-or, better yet, grab a seat wired with Castle’s infamous “Percepto!” buzzers-because we’re diving into the wriggling, wacky world of The Tingler.

In William Castle’s The Tingler, horror and hucksterism entwine in a deliriously inventive B-movie that turns the act of watching a film into a participatory thrill ride. Vincent Price, in one of his most iconic driven scientist roles, plays Dr. Warren Chapin, a pathologist with a taste for the macabre and a curiosity that borders on the unhinged stumbles upon a discovery of a parastic creature that he annoints as the Tingler, which latches onto human spines and grows where and when we’re scared.

Vincent Price, in a lab coat and raised eyebrow, is the film’s anchor-part Sherlock Holmes, part carnival ringmaster. He delivers lines like “The tingler exists in every human being, we now know. Look at that tingler, Dave. It’s an ugly and dangerous thing—ugly because it’s the creation of man’s fear; dangerous because… because a frightened man is dangerous” with the gravitas of a Shakespearean actor… if Shakespeare wrote scripts about spine parasites.

Patricia Cutts, as Chapin’s adulterous wife, Isabel, steals scenes with a cocktail-dry wit, sneering at her husband’s experiments while necking with her lover in broad daylight. Price deadpans, catching them in sordid mid-clinch. Judith Evelyn, meanwhile, turns Martha’s mute terror into a silent scream of pure Gothic dread, her eyes widening as her husband Ollie torments her with phantom fiends, fright masks, and blood-filled tubs. And Philip Coolidge as the conniving Ollie? He’s the nervous nudnik personified, twitching like a sap destined to be remembered as the man whose tense presence became inseparable from the terror that haunted a Tingler victim’s final moments. Actually, Coolidge had a substantial career in supporting roles across a variety of popular classic television series and dramatic anthologies, including The Twilight Zone, Alfred Hitchcock Presents, The Alfred Hitchcock Hour, Have Gun – Will Travel, and many more!

Vincent Price’s Chapin discovers that the tingling sensation people feel in moments of sheer terror is caused by this real, centipede-like parasite- the titular Tingler- that lives on the human spine, feeding and growing stronger with fear. The only defense? Scream, and the Tingler shrinks away. It’s a premise so gloriously absurd that only Castle could sell it, and sell it he does, with Price’s velvet menace leading the charge.

Let’s not kid ourselves: The Tingler itself looks like a lobster insect hybrid someone fished out of a radioactive sewer. It’s a glorified puppet yanked around on visible strings, but damn if Castle doesn’t make it work. The creature’s debut- a shadowy, pulsating silhouette pulled from Martha’s spine- is a shadow puppet’s dream!

I’ve got to keep putting forth the descriptions – the sheer enjoyment is too irresistible not to. The Tingler looks like a rubbery, crustacean-like, many-legged marvel- a midnight centipede with the soul of a prankster and the body of a Halloween prop gone rogue. It slithers and wriggles like a lobster on a caffeine bender, its glossy black carapace glinting in the shadows as it scuttles for a new spine to squeeze. With pincers poised and a tail that curls like a question mark, the Tingler doesn’t bite or sting; instead, it hugs your backbone with a wrestler’s grip, tightening with every tremor of fear until your nerves jangle and your lungs beg for a scream.

It’s a creature born not of nature but of nightmares and matinee mayhem- a bug that feeds on terror, growing stronger with every gasp and silent shriek. When unleashed, it doesn’t just crawl; it orchestrates chaos, sending popcorn flying and audiences leaping from their seats. The Tingler is part boogeyman, part practical joke, and all pure Castle: a wriggling, giggling, spine-tingling ambassador for the simple, delicious thrill of being scared out of your seats!

The film wastes no time plunging us into its world of shadowy labs and simmering paranoia. Chapin, ever the scientist, begins by experimenting on himself, injecting LSD to experience fear “like a common person.” In one of cinema’s first acid trips, he writhes in agony as the walls close in and his own fear threatens to unleash the creature within.

The Tingler is shot in black and white, except for the infamous “bloody bathtub” sequence, which is the only part shot in color and spliced into the otherwise monochrome film. When Vincent Price’s Dr. Chapin injects himself with LSD, what we get is a visually inventive, stylized black-and-white sequence: Price’s performance becomes wild and exaggerated, but there’s no color or psychedelic Technicolor effects- just classic noir shadows and some creative camera work to convey his terror and hallucinations.

The cinematography by Wilfred M. Cline is pure noir, all deep shadows and nervous close-ups, but Castle has a trick up his sleeve: in the infamous “bloody bathtub” scene, the black-and-white film erupts into shocking color as blood pours from the taps and a crimson hand rises from a bathtub overflowing with bright red liquid. The effect is achieved by painting the entire set and actress Judith Evelyn in grayscale, then splicing in a color sequence for the blood-a surreal, eye-popping moment that jolts the senses and foreshadows the film’s willingness to break its own rules for a scare.

That scene always got under my skin too-there’s just something about that blood-covered arm and hand reaching out of the literal blood bath that feels like a waking nightmare you can’t quite shake. It’s as if the movie suddenly rips off its black-and-white mask and yells, “Surprise!” with a bucket of Technicolor red. I mean, who knew a bathtub could become the world’s creepiest place to take a relaxing soak? Every time that hand emerges, dripping and desperate, it’s like Castle himself is reaching through the screen to give your nerves a cheeky little jolt.

Judith Evelyn’s Martha Higgins, a deaf-mute with a paralyzing fear of blood, becomes the film’s tragic centerpiece. Her husband, Ollie, played with twitchy guilt by Philip Coolidge, is a silent movie theater owner with a secret: he’s plotting to scare Martha literally to death, knowing she cannot scream and thus cannot defend herself against the Tingler’s fatal grip. The scenes where Ollie torments Martha are some of Castle’s most effective phantom figures, ghoulish masks, and the unforgettable vision of blood flooding the bathroom all conspire to drive her into a silent, fatal panic. Evelyn’s wide-eyed terror, her inability to scream, and the surreal horror of her hallucinations create a sequence that’s both nightmarish and oddly poignant.

Price’s Chapin, meanwhile, is both hero and relentless researcher, slicing into Martha’s spine to extract the now-enormous Tingler- the rubbery, many-legged monstrosity. The special effects are pure Castle: practical, visible, and all the more charming for their earnestness. When the Tingler escapes, chaos erupts. Chapin’s own scheming wife Isabel (Patricia Cutts) tries to use the creature for her own ends, slipping it onto her drugged husband in a scene that’s equal parts suspense and slapstick, only for Chapin’s sister-in-law Lucy (Pamela Lincoln) to save the day with a well-timed scream.

But it’s the film’s climax that cements its legend. The Tingler breaks out of its film reel case, slips through the floorboards, and finds its way into Ollie’s silent movie theater, where a crowd is watching Tol’able David. Suddenly, the screen goes black, and Price’s voice booms out: “Ladies and gentlemen, the Tingler is loose in this theater! Scream! Scream for your lives!”

Ah, Percepto!-the pièce de résistance. In the original theatrical run, Castle’s “Percepto!” gimmick, Castle rigged the theater, electrified select seats with vibrating motors (repurposed airplane de-icers) to literally zap and shock the audience into shrieking, while Ushers planted in the crowd would scream, faint, and get hauled out on stretchers by fake nurses. “Some people may not feel the Tingler,” Castle warned in the prologue, a cheeky cover for theaters that cheaped out on wiring.

The movie theater itself becomes part of the film, blurring the line between fiction and reality in a way that’s both hilarious and genuinely unsettling. As the Tingler crawls across the projection beam, shadowy and menacing, the screams from the onscreen audience mingle with those in the real auditorium- a meta-horror moment decades ahead of its time.

Critics sneered, but audiences ate it up. As film historian Tom Weaver notes, Castle’s genius was making viewers participate in the joke: “He didn’t just want to scare you; he wanted you to laugh at how scared you were.”

The finale is a masterstroke of camp and creepiness. Chapin returns the Tingler to Martha’s corpse, hoping to neutralize it for good, but Ollie is left alone with his guilt. The door slams, the windows lock, and Martha’s corpse rises from the bed, eyes wide and accusing, as Ollie is paralyzed by terror, unable to scream. The screen fades out, and Price’s voice returns with a final ironically cheeky warning: “If any of you are not convinced that you have a tingler of your own, the next time you are frightened in the dark… don’t scream.”

Film historians and fans alike have celebrated The Tingler for its audacity and inventiveness. Castle’s use of color, his practical effects, and his legendary showmanship-fake ambulances, planted fainters, and all-turned a modest B-movie into a cult classic.

Schlock as High Art. The Tingler bombed with critics (“A horror comic come to life,” spat The New York Times) but became a cult classic, revered for its audacity. John Waters, who’d later pen Female Trouble, called it a blueprint for “tacky transcendence.” Even the Tingler itself got a 2023 sequel novel (The Tingler Unleashed), proving that bad ideas never die-they just get wackier.

The Tingler remains a love letter to the communal joy of horror, a film that invites you to laugh, shudder, and, above all, scream for your life.

#80 Down, 70 to go! Your EverLovin’ Joey, formally & affectionately known as MonsterGirl!

MonsterGirl’s 150 Days of Classic Horror #79 House of Wax 1953

HOUSE OF WAX 1953

Few films in the horror canon manage to balance technical innovation, Gothic atmosphere, and psychological complexity as deftly as André De Toth’s House of Wax (1953). Directed by De Toth, it is an irony in itself, as he was blind in one eye and could not experience the film’s pioneering 3D effects. The movie is perhaps best remembered today for Vincent Price’s transformative performance as Professor Henry Jarrod, a role that would cement his legacy as a horror icon.

The story unfolds in turn-of-the-century New York, where Jarrod, a gentle and devoted sculptor, runs a wax museum filled with historical tableaux. Jarrod is an artist first, resisting his business partner’s pleas to sensationalize the exhibits with scenes of violence and horror. When financial pressures mount, the partner, Matthew Burke (Roy Roberts), sets the museum ablaze for the insurance money, leaving Jarrod to perish in the flames. The sequence is both visually and emotionally harrowing: wax figures melt grotesquely, their faces sloughing off in a macabre prelude to Jarrod’s own fate.

Miraculously, Jarrod survives, but he is physically and psychologically shattered. Disfigured and now confined to a wheelchair, he reemerges with a new museum- one that finally gives the public the grisly spectacle they crave. Yet beneath the surface, a darker secret lurks: the lifelike quality of Jarrod’s new wax figures is achieved not through artistry alone, but by encasing the bodies of his murder victims in wax.

The plot thickens as Sue Allen (Phyllis Kirk), a friend of one of the victims, grows suspicious, leading to a tense and ultimately violent confrontation in the museum’s shadowy halls.

Vincent Price’s performance is the film’s true marvel. He brings a duality to Jarrod-first as the sensitive, almost tragic artist, and later as a figure of chilling menace. Price’s ability to evoke both sympathy and terror is a testament to his range; even as Jarrod descends into madness, audiences sense the remnants of the man he once was.

The film’s horror is not merely in its murders, but in the transformation of a man destroyed by betrayal and loss.

House of Wax is also notable for its technical achievements. As one of the first major studio 3D films, it delighted 1950s audiences with its immersive effects, most famously, a paddle-ball sequence that breaks the fourth wall with playful bravado. Yet beneath the gimmicks, De Toth’s direction ensures
the film never loses its sense of Gothic dread or narrative momentum.

The supporting cast, including a young Charles Bronson as the mute assistant Igor, adds further texture to the film’s eerie world.

In retrospect, House of Wax endures not just as a technical milestone or a showcase for Vincent Price’s talents, but as a meditation on art, obsession, and the dark corners of the human psyche. It is a film that, like its wax figures, lures us in with beauty and then reveals something far more unsettling beneath the surface.

#79 Down, 71 to go! Your EverLovin’ Joey formally & affectionately known as MonsterGirl!

MonsterGirl’s 150 Days of Classic Horror #78 HOUSE OF USHER 1960 & PIT AND THE PENDULUM 1961

HOUSE OF USHER 1960

Crimson Shadows and Haunted Walls: A House Built on Sorrow: The Gothic Spell of Corman’s House of Usher

There is a peculiar chill that settles in the bones when one first glimpses the House of Usher, rising like a fever dream from the ashen wasteland- a mansion not merely built of stone and timber, but of lurid memories, madness, and ancestral rot, and a portrait of decay and destiny.

Roger Corman’s House of Usher (1960), the first and perhaps most iconic entry in his celebrated Poe cycle, stands as a masterwork of American Gothic cinema- a feverish, color-drenched torrid vision of decay, madness, and familial doom. Corman, drawing inspiration from Edgar Allan Poe’s 1839 story “The Fall of the House of Usher,” and working from a screenplay by Richard Matheson, transformed Poe’s atmospheric tale into a lush, psychologically fraught chamber drama, setting the template for a series of films that would define his career and leave an indelible mark on the horror genre.

Where the House Remembers: Roger Corman’s Fever Dream of Poe

From the opening frames, Corman’s vision is clear: this is not a world governed by natural law, but one ruled by the logic of nightmares and the tyranny of the subconscious. The film’s art director, Daniel Haller, crafts the Usher mansion as a living, breathing entity- its walls festooned with grotesque portraits (painted by Burt Shonberg), its corridors warped and claustrophobic, its very structure creaking and groaning as if in sympathy with the tortured souls within.

The lurid poetry of the landscape surrounding the house is a blasted wasteland of dead trees and swirling mist, shot on location using the charred remains of a real forest fire, and rendered in lurid Eastmancolor by cinematographer Floyd Crosby. Crosby’s camera bathes the film in sickly reds, bruised purples, and funereal blues, heightening the sense that the house and its inhabitants are trapped in a perpetual twilight between life and death.

It stands at the edge of a tarn, its reflection wavering in black water, as if the house itself is uncertain of its own reality. The air is thick with the scent of decay and the unspoken dread of secrets too heavy to bear. In Roger Corman’s vision, Poe’s haunted estate is not just a setting, but a living character-a mausoleum of sorrow, its corridors echoing with the footfalls of the doomed and the sighs of the dead.

To enter this world is to surrender to a waking nightmare, where color itself seems infected with fever, and every shadow hints at a legacy of suffering. The Usher name is a curse whispered through generations, and within these walls, time coils and unravels, trapping its inhabitants in a dance with oblivion. Here, Vincent Price’s Roderick wafts as gently as a sigh, his voice trembling with the weight of prophecy, while Madeline’s beauty is as fragile as the last rose of summer, doomed to wither behind velvet drapes. The house watches, waits, and remembers- its every crack a testament to the sins of the past, its every tremor a warning that no one, not even love, can escape the fate that festers at its heart.

It is into this world of spectral grandeur and suffocating dread that we descend, following Corman’s fevered imagination through halls lined with haunted portraits and rooms thick with the perfume of ruin. House of Usher is not merely an adaptation; it is an invocation- a Gothic lament rendered in crimson and shadow, inviting us to linger at the threshold of madness and bear witness to the final, fiery collapse of a dynasty cursed to remember, forever.

The story unfolds with the arrival of Philip Winthrop (Mark Damon), a determined young man who journeys from Boston to the Usher estate to fetch his beloved fiancée, Madeline Usher (Myrna Fahey). What he finds is a mansion on the brink of ruin, presided over by Madeline’s brother, Roderick Usher (Vincent Price, in one of his most iconic performances), and their loyal but haunted servant, Bristol (Harry Ellerbe).

Roderick, with his spectral white hair, crimson robes, and whispery voice, is the embodiment of Poe’s fallen aristocrat: hypersensitive to sound, light, and sensation, he claims the Usher bloodline is cursed, plagued by madness, disease, and a fate inextricably bound to the house itself. He drifts from room to room, an echo in his own home, each word barely disturbing the silence. A ghost among the living, he haunts the corridors, his voice little more than a murmur in the gloom. His solitary musings ripple faintly, barely catching air, all of it laced with dread and fatalism. His pale features and haunted eyes suggest a man already half in the grave. Price reportedly altered his appearance or the role, dying his hair and losing weight to evoke the “wasting elegance” of Roderick Usher.

Price’s performance leads with a brilliant flair of controlled hysteria. Price inhabits Roderick Usher with a spectral grandeur that is both mesmerizing and deeply unsettling, and his every gesture is a flourish of doomed aristocracy and trembling sensitivity. With his shock of bleached hair and pallid, haunted features, Price glides through the decaying halls like a living ghost, his words silken threads weaving between melancholy and menace.

He plays Roderick as a man both tyrant and victim, suffused with an exquisite fragility, flinching from the world’s harshness, yet burning with a feverish conviction that the Usher bloodline is cursed beyond redemption. In his hands, every line is weighted with sorrow and sinister intent; he radiates a theatrical intensity that borders on the operatic, yet never loses the tragic humanity at the character’s core. Price’s performance is a baroque tapestry of fear, obsession, and longing, so vivid and flamboyant that the very walls seem to tremble in response, making Roderick Usher unforgettable-not merely as a villain, but as a soul consumed by the darkness he cannot escape.

His scenes with Damon’s Philip are electric, as Roderick alternates between pleading for his sister to stay and warning Philip to flee before the house’s curse claims them all.

Myrna Fahey’s Madeline is both delicate and determined, torn between her love for Philip and her brother’s suffocating protection. She is not merely a passive victim; her struggle to break free from the Usher legacy is palpable, and her eventual fate- buried alive in the family crypt, only to rise again in a frenzy of madness- remains one of the most chilling sequences in Corman’s oeuvre. Harry Ellerbe’s Bristol, meanwhile, provides a note of tragic loyalty, his every action shaped by decades of servitude to a doomed family.

Key scenes abound, each suffused with Corman’s signature blend of baroque style and psychological horror. The first dinner, where Philip is forced to don slippers so as not to disturb Roderick’s hypersensitive nerves, sets the tone of stifling ritual and decay. The portrait gallery, with its haunted visages of Usher ancestors, becomes a visual motif for the inescapable weight of the past.

The distinctive, haunting portraits featured in Roger Corman’s House of Usher (1960) were painted by Burt Shonberg. Corman specifically commissioned Shonberg, an artist known for his mystical and otherworldly style, to create the ancestral portraits that fill the Usher mansion and visually embody the family’s cursed legacy.

The house itself seems to conspire against Philip: a chandelier nearly crushes him, the bannisters groan and threaten to give way, and the very walls crack and bleed as the family curse tightens its grip. The most harrowing sequence comes after Madeline’s apparent death from catalepsy. Roderick, convinced she is doomed by the family curse, entombs her in the crypt. Philip, suspecting foul play, descends into the tomb and discovers the truth- Madeline has been buried alive, and her return is a scene of Gothic terror as she staggers through the burning house, her white dress stained with blood and madness.

The climax is a conflagration of both body and soul: as Madeline, driven mad by her ordeal, confronts her brother, the house itself erupts in flames. The siblings perish in each other’s arms, the house collapsing into the tarn as if the very earth is reclaiming the cursed bloodline—only Philip and Bristol escape, bearing witness to the annihilation of a family and its legacy.

Corman’s House of Usher is as much a triumph of style as of substance. Les Baxter’s brooding score weaves through the film like a funeral dirge, amplifying the sense of doom. Daniel Haller’s sets, Floyd Crosby’s cinematography, and Burt Shonberg’s paintings combine to create a world where every detail is charged with symbolic meaning, mirroring the psychological fissures of the characters themselves.

The film’s success launched a cycle of Poe adaptations that would become Corman’s greatest achievement, each exploring the interplay of repression, desire, and death with a visual and emotional intensity rare in American horror.
Ultimately, House of Usher is a film about the inescapability of the past, the rot at the heart of privilege, and the terror of the mind unmoored. It is a haunted house story in the truest sense- the house is not merely a setting, but a living embodiment of the Usher family’s curse, a place where walls remember, and the dead do not rest. Corman’s vision, Price’s unforgettable performance, and the film’s lush, claustrophobic beauty ensure its place as a cornerstone of Gothic cinema, a nightmarish reverie, a mind-bending fantasy from which neither its characters nor its audience can ever fully awaken.

PIT AND THE PENDULUM 1961

Pendulums and Paranoia: Roger Corman’s Cinematic Descent into Madness in Pit and the Pendulum (1961)

Roger Corman’s Pit and the Pendulum (1961) is a delirious descent into tempestuous Gothic terror, a film that transforms Edgar Allan Poe’s slender tale into a lush, waking nightmare of guilt, madness, and the inescapable grip of the past. Corman, working from a screenplay by Richard Matheson, expands Poe’s premise into a labyrinthine story of family trauma and psychological torment, set within a Spanish castle whose very stones seem to pulse with dread. The result is a work of visual and emotional excess, where every corridor hides a secret and every shadow threatens to swallow the living whole.

From the opening moments, the film envelops the viewer in its somber, candlelit world. Art director Daniel Haller’s sprawling, multi-level castle set, assembled ingeniously from scavenged studio backlots and dressed with gallons of cobwebbing, becomes a character in itself, a mausoleum of memory and menace. Floyd Crosby’s cinematography is a study in color mood lighting: the castle’s interiors are rendered in bruised purples, sickly greens, and funereal blues, with the camera gliding through passageways and chambers in long, unbroken takes. The sense of claustrophobia is heightened by Crosby’s use of low-key lighting, particularly in the film’s second half, where the darkness presses in and the only relief is the flicker of torchlight or the glint of steel.

The story unfolds in 16th-century Spain, as Francis Barnard (John Kerr) arrives at the Medina castle to investigate the mysterious death of his sister, Elizabeth (Barbara Steele). He is greeted by Nicholas Medina (Vincent Price), a man haunted by grief and guilt, and by Nicholas’s sister Catherine (Luana Anders), whose quiet concern hints at deeper family wounds. Nicholas claims Elizabeth died of a blood disorder, but Francis is unconvinced, especially as strange occurrences- a harpsichord playing by itself, Elizabeth’s ring appearing on bloodied keys- suggest that she may not rest easy. Dr. Leon (Antony Carbone), the family physician, offers little comfort, and as Francis digs deeper, he uncovers the castle’s true horror: Nicholas’s father, Sebastian Medina, was a notorious agent of the Inquisition, whose brutality left Nicholas traumatized and the castle forever stained by violence.

Vincent Price delivers a performance of operatic intensity and tragic grandeur – his Nicholas is a man unraveling at the seams, by turns gentle and tormented, his voice trembling with fear as he recounts childhood memories of witnessing his mother’s torture and his uncle’s murder at the hands of his father. Price’s transformation in the final act, from haunted widower to raving madman who believes himself to be Sebastian, unleashes his full flamboyance and emotional power. He stalks the castle with wild eyes and trembling hands, his descent into inherited madness both terrifying and deeply pitiable. Barbara Steele, though her screen time is brief, leaves a spectral impression as Elizabeth, her wide, haunted eyes and ethereal beauty making her both victim and avenging spirit. John Kerr’s Francis is a forceful presence, his skepticism and determination anchoring the story’s wildest turns, while Luana Anders brings a quiet resilience to Catherine, the last hope for the Medina line.

The mood of Pit and the Pendulum is one of relentless dread, heightened by Les Baxter’s swirling, romantic score, which swells from mournful strings to shrieking crescendos as the story careens toward its climax. The set design is pure Gothic excess: cavernous halls, secret passages, and, at the heart of it all, the torture chamber- a museum of medieval cruelty, dominated by the titular pendulum. The pendulum set, a marvel of practical effects, occupies an entire soundstage, its eighteen-foot blade suspended from the rafters, swinging lower and lower with every tick of the infernal clockwork.

That swinging pendulum scene in Pit and the Pendulum is pure, nerve-rattling suspense—the blade gliding lower with every swing, making my heart race like I’m the one strapped to the table about to be cut in two. Even after all these years, it’s a nightmare that keeps me teetering right on the edge, half-expecting that razor-sharp arc to come for me after John Kerr!

Key scenes are etched in the memory: the exhumation of Elizabeth’s tomb, where her corpse is found twisted in agony, confirming Nicholas’s greatest fear-that she was buried alive; the storm-lashed night when Nicholas, haunted by voices and visions, wanders the castle’s corridors, his sanity fraying with every step; and the final revelation, when Elizabeth, very much alive, emerges from the shadows, her apparent death a ruse concocted with Dr. Leon to drive Nicholas mad and claim his inheritance. The film’s finale is a tour de force of Gothic horror: Nicholas, now believing himself to be his own father, hurls Elizabeth into the iron maiden and straps Francis to the stone slab beneath the descending pendulum. The blade swings closer and closer, its metallic hiss underscored by Baxter’s shrieking score, until Catherine and the loyal servant Maximillian burst in, saving Francis and sending Nicholas plunging to his death in the pit below. The final, chilling image- Elizabeth, still alive and gagged inside the iron maiden, her eyes wide with terror as the chamber is sealed forever- lingers like a curse. Steele’s enigmatic eyes, her steel gaze fever-bright and fathomless, seem to reach from the abyss, freezing time as they lock onto yours through the iron maiden’s cruel opening.

Corman’s Pit and the Pendulum is a triumph of style and atmosphere, a delirious nightmare rendered in velvet shadows and lurid color. The film’s production design, inventive camerawork, and bravura performances- especially those of Price and Steele- combine to create a world where the past is never dead, and where the sins of the fathers are visited upon the living in the most terrifying ways. It is a film that lingers long after the final scream, a Gothic hallucination from which it is deliciously difficult to escape.

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MonsterGirl’s 150 Days of Classic Horror #73 The Haunted Palace 1963

THE HAUNTED PALACE 1963

The Haunted Palace (1963) is a swirling mist of Gothic horror and cosmic dread, a film that finds its haunted heart in the dual performance of Vincent Price and the eerie vision of director Roger Corman. Though marketed as part of Corman’s celebrated Poe cycle, the film is in fact a bold adaptation of H.P. Lovecraft’s The Case of Charles Dexter Ward, with only a Poe poem lending its title and a sense of poetic doom.

This fusion of literary titans sets the stage for a story where the boundaries between sanity and possession, past and present, are as porous as the fog that curls around the cursed village of Arkham.

Vincent Price commands the film in a bravura dual role as both the gentle Charles Dexter Ward and his ancestor, the warlock Joseph Curwen. His performance is a dark waltz in transformation between menace and melancholy: with a mere shift of posture or the glint in his eye, he glides from kindly innocence to fiendish malevolence.

Price’s energy is magnetic yet controlled, never tipping into parody, and his voice, by turns silken and sibilant, makes the supernatural possession feel chillingly plausible.

Watching Price, one marvels at how he can summon both sympathy and terror, often within the same scene. The film’s most unsettling moments come as Charles, standing before Curwen’s portrait, is slowly overtaken by his ancestor’s will – a psychological duel rendered with nothing but Price’s expressive face and the camera’s hungry gaze.

Corman, ever the resourceful auteur, brings a starker, surreal visual palette to Lovecraft , aided by the atmospheric cinematography of Floyd Crosby. The muted blue and brown hues, drifting ground fog, and looming sets evoke a world where the past refuses to stay buried.

Daniel Haller’s art direction, honed on earlier Corman films, gives the palace itself a brooding, labyrinthine presence, its secret passageways and shadowed corners as much a character as any of the villagers. Ronald Stein’s score, lush and occasionally bombastic, heightens the film’s sense of mounting dread and otherworldly pull, like a tide tugging at the edge of reason..

The supporting cast is a gallery of horror icons and character actors: Debra Paget brings both vulnerability and resolve to Anne Ward, the wife caught in the crossfire of ancestral evil; Lon Chaney Jr. is memorably sinister as Simon, Curwen’s loyal henchman, his mournful eyes masking monstrous intent; Frank Maxwell, Elisha Cook Jr., and others round out the cursed townsfolk, each bearing the weight of Curwen’s vengeance.

The story unfolds with the precision of a nightmare: in 1765, Joseph Curwen is burned alive by Arkham’s villagers for his occult crimes, but not before cursing them and their descendants. Over a century later, Charles Dexter Ward inherits the palace and is inexorably drawn into Curwen’s legacy. As Charles succumbs to possession, the film becomes a study in psychological horror. Curwen’s revenge is visited upon the villagers through a series of grotesque murders, while Anne desperately tries to save her husband from the grip of the past.

Ted Coodley’s makeup effects deliver the villagers of Arkham to a state of grotesque deformity, transforming their faces and bodies into unsettling, crumbling statues of Curwen’s lingering curse. Visages warped by ancestral sin. Masks of suffering, their features melting like wax, twisted by generations of Curwen’s retribution, they wander the mist-shrouded streets with faces warped and features askew, their bodies bearing the tragic poetry of nightmare-living testaments to a legacy of unnatural evil.

Joseph Curwen’s dead mistress, Hester Tillinghast- played by Cathie Merchant- is resurrected by Curwen (in control of Charles Dexter Ward’s body) and his fellow warlocks. Once revived, Hester joins Curwen and his followers in their sinister rituals and is present for the climactic attempt to sacrifice Anne Ward to the creature in the pit, making her an active participant in the film’s final horrors.

Key moments linger in the mind: the torch-lit mob scene where Curwen, defiant to the end, promises vengeance “until this village is a graveyard”; the hypnotic power of Curwen’s portrait, a silent sentinel of evil; the chilling sequence where deformed villagers surround Charles and Anne, their presence a living testament to the curse; and the final conflagration, as the palace burns and the boundaries between the living and the dead dissolve.

The climax of The Haunted Palace erupts in a frenzy of fire and supernatural reckoning. As the villagers, torches in hand, storm the cursed palace to end Joseph Curwen’s reign once and for all, Anne is chained and offered as a sacrifice to the monstrous Lovecraftian creature lurking in the pit below. In the chaos, Dr. Willet and Anne discover the secret dungeons and are ambushed by Curwen and his resurrected cohorts. The villagers set the palace ablaze and, crucially, destroy Curwen’s portrait, breaking his hold over Charles Dexter Ward. Freed from possession, Charles rushes to save Anne, urging Dr. Willet to get her to safety as the inferno consumes the palace. Though Charles and Willet narrowly escape the flames, the film closes on an unsettling note: a glimmer in Charles’s eyes and a sinister tone in his voice hint that Curwen’s evil may not have been vanquished after all.

The Haunted Palace stands as a bridge between Gothic melodrama and cosmic horror, its atmosphere thick with dread and its themes as old as original sin. With Price particularly mercurial, Corman at his most atmospheric, and Lovecraft’s shadow looming over every frame, the film is a haunted house of the mind, where the past is never truly dead, and evil waits patiently for the door to be opened.

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Monstergirl’s 150 Days of Classic Horror – #7 The Abominable Dr. Phibes 1971 & Theater of Blood

MonsterGirl’s 150 Days of Classic Horror!

THE ABOMINABLE DR. PHIBES 1971

The Abominable Dr. Phibes is a deliciously macabre 1971 British dark comedy horror film directed by Robert Fuest, who also directed the taut psycho-sexual And Soon the Darkness 1970 and offered up a torrential storm of horror camp and kitsch in 1975 with The Devil’s Rain.

Dr. Phibes, set in 1920s London, follows the vengeful quest of Dr. Anton Phibes, played with mesmerizing intensity by the incomparable Vincent Price at his flamboyant best.

Believed dead in a car crash, Dr. Phibes resurfaces in 1925, hideously disfigured and unable to speak. Convinced that a team of doctors is responsible for his beloved wife Victoria’s death during surgery, Phibes embarks on a grotesquely inventive killing spree inspired by the biblical Ten Plagues of Egypt, with the help of his otherworldly and elegantly enchanting Vulvavia, played by Virginia North.

Price’s performance as Phibes is a tour de force of silent acting. Stripped of his iconic voice for most of the film, Price crafts a character of chilling determination through his expressive eyes, subtle gestures, and macabre pantomime. His towering presence and ghoulish makeup create an aura of ominous power, while his post-dubbed dialogue, delivered through a phonograph, adds an eerie quality to his character.

As Phibes dispatches his victims with increasingly elaborate and darkly humorous methods – from a room full of hungry bats to a mechanical frog mask that strangles its wearer – Inspector Trout (Peter Jeffrey) of Scotland Yard races to unravel the connection between the murders. The film builds to a nail-biting climax as Phibes kidnaps the son of Dr. Vesalius (Joseph Cotten), the head surgeon, forcing him to perform a perilous operation to save the boy’s life.

Price’s flamboyant performance elevates the film beyond mere horror. He imbues Phibes with a tragic grandeur, his eyes conveying both maniacal glee and profound sorrow. Whether he’s conducting his clockwork band of automatons or tenderly caressing his wife’s photograph, Price’s Phibes is a captivating blend of monster and romantic hero.

The film’s Grand Guignol art deco sets, dark humor, and Price’s unforgettable portrayal have earned The Abominable Dr. Phibes a well-deserved cult following. It stands as a testament to Price’s versatility as an actor and his ability to create iconic characters, even when deprived of his most famous asset – his velvet voice.

THEATER OF BLOOD 1973

A Trailer a Day Keeps the Boogeyman Away! Halloween A-Z

Theatre of Blood (1973) is a darkly comedic horror film directed by Douglas Hickox, starring Vincent Price as Edward Lionheart, a Shakespearean actor seeking revenge on his critics. The film combines Grand Guignol horror with a Shakespearean theme and flare.

Lionheart believed dead after a suicide attempt, systematically murders the critics who fail to recognize his genius. Each murder is based on a death scene from Shakespeare’s plays, including Julius Caesar (stabbing), Troilus and Cressida (impalement), Cymbeline (decapitation), The Merchant of Venice (heart removal) Richard III (drowning in wine.)

The film explores themes of revenge, artistic recognition, and the power of criticism. It cleverly intertwines Shakespeare’s works with modern horror elements, creating a satirical commentary on the relationship between artists and critics.

In keeping with his iconic flamboyant charm, Vincent Price delivers a tour de force performance as Lionheart, balancing melodrama and pathos. Diana Rigg plays Edwina Lionheart, Edward’s devoted daughter and accomplice who also dons elaborate makeup and costumes. The supporting cast includes notable British actors like Ian Hendry, Robert Morley, Arthur Lowe, and Price’s real-life wife, Coral Brown, as Chloe Moon as the ill-fated critics.

Hickox’s direction emphasizes the theatrical nature of Lionheart’s revenge, using location shooting and a constantly moving camera to prevent the film from becoming overly stagey. The murders are grand, often darkly humorous set pieces, once again blending horror with black comedy.

Theatre of Blood is a campy, humorous, avenging, and conceptual opera. Lionheart is considered one of Price’s film characters and a favorite of both Price and Rigg.

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John Carradine-I am a ham! Part 1

Read Part Two here

Actor John Carradine attends the premiere of Dark Eyes on March 23, 1981, at Warner Beverly Theater in Beverly Hills, California. (Photo by Ron Galella/Ron Galella Collection via Getty Images)

"I am a ham! And the ham in an actor is what makes him interesting. The word is an insult only when it's used by an outsider – among actors, it's a very high compliment, indeed."

In the history of cinema, there are stars that burn white hot. Then there are those who wind up taking a detour – yet they've earned the vibrancy and a willingness to explore even the vast floor of the ocean's bottom – this is emblematic of a beloved cult B actor. Those who tickle us with a zeal for chills and chagrins, guffaws and gadzooks, individualism and inimitability, captivating and crapola!

In his later years, John Carradine would come to be known as one of these"¦ the crime is… he was a damn sensational actor!

"I never made big money in Hollywood. I was paid in hundreds, the stars got thousands. But I worked with some of the greatest directors in films and some of the greatest writers. They gave me the freedom to do what I can do best and that was gratifying."

In regards to his horror legacy, this is what he had to say in 1983 in an interview for KMOX tv:

“That’s the least of my work. I’ve done almost 400 films and only 25 have been horror.”

When you think of John Carradine you might recall his brilliant performance as Casy in The Grapes of Wrath. Carradine had worked with some of the most notable actors and directors in the history of cinema and by the end of his career, he also managed to plumb the depths with some of the crummiest.

Then again you might be excited by his translation of the Dracula mythos in five films: two from Universal’s finely tuned House of Frankenstein (1944), House of Dracula (1945), and three from the later decade’s trash heap – Billy the Kid Versus Dracula (1966), Vampire Hookers (1978), and Nocturna (1979).

On Bela Lugosi in 1956: "Lugosi was a craftsman. I've known him for 25 years. He was a considerate and kind gentleman. As for the parts we both played, he was the better vampire. He had a fine pair of eyes. Nobody will ever be able to fill his shoes. He will be missed by us all."

Like Whale's Frankenstein monster, Carradine actually missed out on playing the monster and the lead role in Dracula (1931).

With 354 film and television credits to his iconic career, John Carradine was known for his distinctively deep baritone voice and tall, thin frame, a "˜towering, craggy frame' which often earned him roles as villains and sinister characters, mad doctors, Draculas, hobos, drunks and a slew of nefarious Nazis devils!

At times he had the charm of a jaunty Grim Reaper. Even those smart pale blue eyes that flicker cannot be obscured by that quizzical squint.

William Beaudine on the set of The Face of Marble 1946.

He often worked with director John Ford but you've no doubt seen him playing a mad scientist in Captive Wild Woman 1943, The Face of Marble 1946, and The Unearthly 1957.

But one thing that links all these archetypes together is Carradine’s range of either an austere penetrating reserve or a flamboyant spirit framed by his willowy shape. Carradine can intone with either his whispering rumination from a well-written script or summoning his grandiose voice as he reads aloud the trashiest, tackiest dialogue that only he can make appear as a highfalutin soliloquy.

His nicknames were the Bard of the Boulevard and The Voice.

The Face of Marble (1946) An Odd John Carradine Obscurity with an “Identity Crisis”

Carradine's career includes significant Academy Award-worthy roles, but in contrast, once he started his descent into the madness of acting obscurity, he embodied figures of grotesques and unsavory types. Eventually, he appeared in films more like a drifter just passing through in overambitious garbage Z movies. And now, he will always be considered one of the big-time heavies of the horror genre.

Still, he has left behind a legacy of striking screen performances: the sinister Sgt. Rankin in The Prisoner of Shark Island, and the somber "Long Jack" of Captains Courageous. He played a melancholy Lincoln in Of Human Hearts, a treacherous Bob Ford in Jesse James, the curious stranger Hatfield of Stagecoach, and one of his greatest contributions to the acting craft, as earnest dispirited preacher Casy in The Grapes of Wrath. All masterful characters in Hollywood's golden age of filmmaking.

Carradine appeared in eight Oscar Best Picture nominees: Cleopatra (1934), Les Misèrables (1935), Captains Courageous (1937), Alexander's Ragtime Band (1938), Stagecoach (1939), The Grapes of Wrath (1940), The Ten Commandments (1956), and Around the World in 80 Days (1956). Only the last of these won.

He has appeared in eight films that have been selected for the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being “culturally, historically or aesthetically” significant: The Invisible Man (1933), The Bride of Frankenstein (1935), Stagecoach (1939), The Grapes of Wrath (1940), Johnny Guitar (1954), The Court Jester (1955), The Ten Commandments (1956) and The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962).

Though he was known for his ability to bring a kiss of intensity and an air of mysteriousness to his characters, often cast in villainous and sinister roles – he was highly regarded for his versatility and range as an actor. Despite his status as a horror icon, Carradine was more than just a genre actor and never wanted to be known for his long involvement with horror pictures, as he called them.

He was transitional in all genres such as historical dramas, war and spy films, film noir, westerns, horror, sci-fi, mystery thrillers, and romantic comedies. His career ran the spectrum of storytelling.

Carradine was capable of serious dramatic reverie, and earnest and sober performances til ultimately – schlocky b movies, ‘The "˜Divine Madness' of this flamboyant, grand old man of the theater and Hollywood, Carradine's persona emerged as a confluence between the individualist and distinguished gentleman.’ (John Carradine: The Films edited by Gregory Willam Mank)

But after all this superior work in an industry that chewed up and spits out great actors, even after his contribution to the horror genre that once saw him as one of the ruling class in Universal's horror films such as House of Frankenstein and House of Dracula. There is a place for him amongst the aristocracy of Boris Karloff, Bela Lugosi, Christopher Lee, and Peter Cushing, though he might be considered the vagabond of the horror pantheon, as he will undoubtedly be remembered for his role in B horror and exploitation films.

"I have shot, strangled, or otherwise disposed of many a victim on the screen in my day. However, more mayhem has been committed on me than I ever committed on anyone else. I have been poisoned, drowned, shot, pushed off cliffs, hanged, strangled, electrocuted, and run over by subway trains."

05 May 1983, Los Angeles, California, USA — 5/5/1938- Los Angeles, CA: Screen villain sculptor in spare time. John Carradine, who plays the part of a sinister scoundrel in the movies, is quite a sculptor on the side. He is shown here putting the finishing touches to the head of his five-year-old son, Bruce. This work is included in the current art show by non-professional artists in the film industry at the Stanely Rose Gallery here. — Image by © Bettmann/CORBIS

John Carradine is a noble eccentric, a cult icon who enjoyed photography and painting, sang opera, loved sculpting, knew the Bard's work by heart, and could recite Shakespeare at every opportunity. Interviews and commentary from other people in the industry would relate stories of John Carradine getting potted with a drink in hand and spouting Shakespeare and funny anecdotes. "He had a repertoire of bad jokes and off-color reminiscence of Old Hollywood." He was famous for that as much as for his acting.

Carradine is known for his theatricalizing, his out-of-control drinking, and his private life which was a circus. A life bombarded with non-conformity, chaotic marital trials and tribulations, arrests for not paying alimony, drunk driving, prostitution scandals, and bankruptcy that left him destitute.

With all the disorder in Carradine's life, the reputation that the actor built from his earlier career took a ruinous insult over the years.

By the end, the actor didn't bother to read a script, he learned his part no matter how ridiculous yet he took anything that came his way so he could pay the rent, finance his dream of having his own theater company and support his boys.

"An opera cape, top hat, ebony stick, and glittering diamond studs set John apart in a town where a tuxedo is considered formal dress. At intermissions, he stands gracefully in the lobby, smoking a long Russian cigarette and twirling his cane"¦ It is the kind of exhibitionism that made Hollywood, in its colorful beginnings, the most talked about town on Earth"¦"

John Carradine with his actor sons, John, Keith, and Robert courtesy Getty Images date unknown.

Fred Olen Ray: "He was both a prince and a rascal" "¦" He was colorful and dramatic"¦ He had a sweeping, majestic personality and an extraordinary voice that somehow managed to make the worst dialogue sound good."

Keith Carradine: "Here was this Shakespearean actor who, in the 1950s to feed his children, did a lot of horror movies. That's mostly what he's known for. I think it sort of broke his heart."

We know him for his deep voice, that low-pitched booming voice that sounds like well-worn leather and warm spices-cinnamon, sandalwood, and clove. He delivers his dialogue more like a fustian oratory, a sagacious silver-tongued scholar intoning a sermon instead of reading his lines straight.

From an interview with KMOX tv:

What do you think made you so successful as an image that I think maybe that incredible voice?

“I think the voice helped and another thing that helped I think was the fact that – well my face Darryl Zanuck was once heard saying when he came out of the rushes for something that I was in. He said "that guy Carradine got the god damndest face (He laughs) What he meant by that I don't know but I think that was part of it. Well I think the voice helped a lot. Cecil DeMille said I had the finest voice in the business and he was right I did have the finest voice in the business. Still have. But it's because I had been because I spent so much time in the theater and because I did Shakespeare. As I told my boys if you want to. Be an actor play all the Shakespeare you can get your hands on. Cause if you can play Shakespeare you can play anything. And I did a lot of Shakespeare. Cause that's why I became an actor because I wanted to be a Shakespearean actor.”

John Carradine is an actor that commands a parade of imagery and similes. He's just that darn interesting. I find him to have an almost regal symmetry that strikes me as handsome.

He is wraithlike and sinewy, withered, worn to a shadow, and as thin as a rake yet his presence is boundless.

A lanky actor wafting around the screen like a willow tree, hollow-cheeked, rawboned, and lantern-jawed, the opposite of Herculean – but make no mistake his presence is immortal.

And in a not-so-flattering light, he's been referred to as cadaverous.

"I wasn't eccentric in those days. I was just trying to learn my craft and improve what I had"¦ cadaverous I'm a very thin man Cadaverous means looking like a cadaver and at least I do look alive. I look like I might live another five minutes!"

Continue reading “John Carradine-I am a ham! Part 1”

BRIDES OF HORROR – Scream Queens of the 1960s! – Part 4: The Dark Goddess-This Dark Mirror

BARBARA STEELE- BLOODY WELL BELOVED

The role Barbara Steele plays in the legacy of Italian Gothic cinema of the 1960s achieving cult status, is arguably her most recognizable contribution to the sub-genre of the horror film. She’s been christened The High Priestess of Horror, Queen of Horror, and The Dark Goddess, the latter, the implication being her prowess is proof there’s a link between beauty (a woman’s power) and evil. Steele’s persona is suitable as a femme fatale, and the sum of her work is extremely feminist.

According to journalist Maitland McDonagh, she is The Face that Launched a Thousand Screams. She is the sadomasochistic Madonna of the “cinefantastique”; the queen of the wild, the beautiful, and the damned.”

“Of all the stars of horror cinema, Barbara Steele may have come the closest to pure myth {“¦} she suggests a kinky and irresistible sexual allure” – (David J Hogan)

“With goldfish-bowl eyes radiating depraved elfin beauty, and what she calls herold, suspicious Celtic soul burning blackly within, Steele played the princess in a dark fairytale.” ‘They sense something in me’ she once said of her fans, but surely it was true of her directors also. Steele followed with ‘Maybe some kind of psychic pain. The diva Dolorosa of the 1910s, reincarnated as a voluptuous revenant.’ – (from David Cairns and Daniel Riccuito for Sight and Sound)

“Angel Carter (1982) named the three surrealist love goddesses as Louise Brooks first and foremost followed by Dietrich and third Barbara Steele. With regards to Steele however, not all the following descriptions emanate from surrealists caught in the grip of amour fou” (obsessive passion).- (The Other Face of Death: Barbara Steele and La Maschera Del Demonio by Carol Jenks from NECRONOMICON edited by Andy Black)

“The very symbol of Woman as vengeful, alien and “˜other’.” (Nicholls 1984)

“Steele perfectly embodies both the dread and the desire necessary to imply alluring and transgressive sexuality.” (Lampley-Women in the Horror films of Vincent Price)

“It’s not me they’re seeing. They’re casting some projection of themselves, some aspect that I somehow symbolizes. It can’t possibly be me.” Barbara Steele quoted-(Warren 1991)

“You can’t live off being a cult.” Barbara Steele

“When did I ever deserve this dark mirror?”

 

Continue reading “BRIDES OF HORROR – Scream Queens of the 1960s! – Part 4: The Dark Goddess-This Dark Mirror”

31 Flavors of Noir on the Fringe to Lure You In! Part 1

Read: Parts Two, Three & Four

“A man could spend the rest of his life trying to remember what he shouldn’t have said.”- Force of Evil

“All that Cain did to Abel was murder him.” –Force of Evil

“He pushed me too far!… So I pushed him just far enough.” –The Lineup

“You’re like a rat in a box without any holes” – I Wake Up Screaming

“From now on, no one cuts me so deep that I can’t close the wound.” – I Wake Up Screaming

“I’m gonna give you a break. I’m gonna fix it so you don’t hear the bullets!”- The Big Combo

“I was born on a Monday, I might as well go out on a Monday. Like dirty laundry.”- Man in the Dark

Heads up… this feature includes spoilers…💣

1-I Wake Up Screaming 1941

I Wake Up Screaming is the first official noir produced by Fox, directed by H. Bruce Humberstone (he worked on Charlie Chan programmers and B-movies) who was not considered a noir director. With a screenplay by Dwight Taylor based on the novel by Steve Fisher. Eddie Muller said it personified film noir and calls the 1941 film – Proto-noir, as it was the first of its kind.

Darryl F. Zanuck wanted the film’s location changed to New York City, so it wouldn’t reflect badly on L.A. There are a number of sleazy characters involved and he wanted to shift the story from Hollywood to Broadway.

The film was remade as Vicki in 1953 (with Jeanne Crane and Jean Peters, though it lacked the highly stylized artistry) Photographed by Edward Cronjager (Seven Keys to Baldpate 1929, Hell’s Highway 1932, The Monkey’s Paw 1933, Island in the Sky 1938, The Gorilla 1939, Heaven Can Wait 1943, Desert Fury 1947, Relentless 1948, House by the River 1950, The Girl in Lovers Lane 1960) pours out murky noir shadows, darkened streets, unusual camera angles, low key lighting and the high contrast, one-point lighting that illuminates the ink black threatening spaces. The film is stark yet dynamic.

With music by Cyril J. Mockridge, you'll hear the familiar often-used noir leitmotif, the melody Street Scene by Alfred Newman. I Wake Up Screaming stars Betty Grable as Jill Lynn, Victor Mature as Frankie Christopher, Carole Landis as Vicki Lynn, and Laird Cregar as Ed Cornell. The film also co-stars Alan Mowbray as Robin Ray and Allyn Joslyn as Larry Evans. Quirky character actor Elisha Cook Jr. plays Harry Williams the desk clerk in Vicki’s apartment building who’s a real weirdo. William Gargan plays Detective Jerry ‘Mac’ MacDonald.

Cook is great at playing quirky oddballs (Cliff the crazed drummer in Phantom Lady 1944, George Peatty in The Killing 1956, anxious trench coat-wearing Wilmer in The Maltese Falcon 1941, Watson Pritchard in House on Haunted Hill 1959).

I Wake up Screaming bares a resemblance to a whodunit, as the killer is chased down with the story playing a bit of a shell game with us. There are common noir themes of obsession, perverse lust, corruption, and homicidal jealousy. The film also has a preoccupation with images and artifice, tossing up flashbacks like a circus juggler.

Right before model, Vicki Lynn heads to Hollywood to reach for her rising star, she is brutally murdered. Delicious Betty Grable in her first non-music role, plays Jill Lynn, Vicki’s sister, who is drawn to the man (Victor Mature) who is presumably her sister’s murderer.

Vicki functions as an essential part of the narrative early on in the film and is resurrected by way of flashbacks. Frankie knows that while there are images that still exist of Vicki she is no longer present. In fact, Vicki is a myth and a manufactured deception in some ways. Jill on the other hand is genuine, unpretentious, and warmhearted.

Carol Landis who died at 28 from an overdose, plays murder victim Vicki Lynn. I Wake up Screaming backflips into the weeks leading up to her death. The film is also somewhat of a noir variation on Pygmalion, as Victor Mature who plays Frankie Christopher, sports and show business promoter, discovers a beautiful girl waiting tables and gets the hot idea of turning Vicki into a celebrity and society girl. Vicki’s appeal is the sphere of influence that drives the plot. Mature always makes the screen sweat with his sexy brawny build, swarthy good looks, strong jaw line, and the aura of his glistening obsidian hair.

The film opens with a sensational news headline ‘MODEL MURDERED’ Right from the top Frankie is being grilled by the cops in the interrogation room. Burning white hot lights are up close in his face. He says to the shadow of Cornell (Cregar) who's a bulky shadow shot with single source lighting) to his opaque figure, "You're a pretty tough guy with a crowd around.”

The flashbacks begin. Frankie goes back to the first time he meets Vicki at the lunch room on 8th Avenue while eating with Larry Evans (Alan Joslyn) and Robin Ray (Alan Mowbray). Vicki asks "Is that all?" Lary Evans says "No, but the rest of it isn't on the menu." She handles his come on, "You couldn't afford it if it was.” Frankie pours on the charm. He gets the notion to take Vicki and mold her into a celebrity. “You know I bet in 6 months I could take that girl and put her on top of the ladder." Mature and Landis worked together in One Million Years B.C.

Has-been actor Robin Ray (Mowbray) and ruthless gossip columnist Larry Evans (Joslyn) decide to get involved in developing Vicki Lynn’s mystique and cultivate her glamour on the road to fame. Of course, both men wind up having a yen for her. A cynical Ray (Mowbray) complains that all women are alike. Evans (Joslyn) tells him, “For Pete’s sake, what difference does that make? You’ve got to have them. They’re standard equipment.”

Frankie takes Vicki Lynn out into New York cafe society – All three schemers, the columnist, the washed-up actor, and Frankie, bring her to the cafe and make a big noise, grabbing the attention of Lady Handel (May Beatty) who invites them over to her table. In order to give the impression that Vicki will now be a new sensation, Larry Evans brags in front of the table, that he'll plug her In his column. They also think that it’ll help Vicki to get noticed if she’s seen on Robin Ray’s arm. The outing is a success. When they bring her home to her apartment building they meet the squirrely desk clerk Harry Williams (Elisha Cook), who takes his sweet time, getting up for Vicki. Frankie gives him a hard time after being so disrespectful. Williams sneers, “She ain’t nobody.”

Back to the present and Frankie's still in the sweat box. They're questioning Jill too. She’s telling the cops about Vicki’s plans. She’s got, "Grand ideas about becoming a celebrity." They ask about Frankie’s involvement. Another flashback – the sisters are talking about Vicki’s new venture. Vicki tells Jill, "They're gonna glamorize me." Jill tells Vicki that she doesn't trust Frankie’s promises, and apologizes for sounding stuffy. She warns Vicki about having unrealistic aspirations. Flashback even further. Frankie shows up at the cafeteria. Vicki keeps dishing out the wisecracks. He shows her the newspaper article about her making a splash at the El Chico Club.

"Why all the cracks you don't even know me?" "I don't know anything about art, but I know what I like." Back in the present day, at the police station. Jill continues to tell the cops how successful Vicki's climb was. Backward once again-

Jill Lynn I don’t want to tell you your business, but don’t you think you’re making a fool of yourself?
Vicki Lynn What do you mean?
Jill Oh, this Frankie Christopher. People like that, what have they got to do with people like us?
Vicki Jill, they’re going to help me!
Jill In what way?
Vicki They’re gonna’ glamorize me. They may have started this thing as a gag, but, after taking one look at those million-dollar debutantes tonight, I realized I can give them cards in spades and still come out on top.
Jill Vicky, you’ll never come out on top by any shortcuts. One week your picture’s on the cover of a magazine, the next it’s in the ash can.

Frankie arrives at the girl’s apartment, and Vicki breaks the news to Frankie that she's going away to Hollywood. She'd done a screen test and signed a long-term contract. He's angry. She went behind Frankie's back after everything he did for her. She defends herself "Some people think I'm a pretty attractive girl. I'm no Frankenstein you know!" Frankie comments, "I wonder."

Jill tells the cops she was pounding a typewriter breaking her fingernails, and Vicki did get the Hollywood contract, so she might have been right about taking the risk with an acting career and becoming a star.

Another flashback The three men are sitting around the bar.

Robin Ray [indignant] Can you imagine her walking out on me, after all that I’ve done for her? Me!

Larry Evans [slightly incredulous] “You’ve” done for her? What have *you* done for her?

Robin Well, I took her out to all the bright spots, I let her be seen with me everywhere… It made her feel important.

Larry Why, you parboiled old ham! You don’t think anybody thought there was anything between *you* two, do you? If it hadn’t been for my plugging in the column, people would’ve thought she was your trained nurse.

Robin Why, you ink-stinking word slinger! I was famous when they were changing your pants 20 times a day!

Jumping to the present again, Jill is still being questioned by the cops. They want to know if Vicki had anyone in her life. Jill remembers a peculiar thing that happened. She tells them she was sitting at the table in the cafeteria waiting for Vicki to get off work. The peeping prowling, Ed Cornell's giant shape stares at Vicki through the window. He has a queer look on his face. Jill maintains her stare, holding her coffee cup, she is unable to put it down as she studies him, uncomfortably. Once he notices Jill catching him ogling Vicki, he skulks away. Mockeridge's score undergoes a sinister change, with emphasis on the rhythmic accents of a classic horror picture.

Jill tells her sister, "You seem to have an admirer there's some guy looking through the window like the wolf looking for the 3 little pigs." The girls are walking on the street, Cornell is leaning against a wall, and Jill points out to Vicki that he's the one. "He gives me the creeps," Vicki says, "You'll have to get used to that, they've got more wolves in New York than they have in Siberia," She tells the cops she saw him several times after in odd places. He never said anything but watched Vicki, it frightened Jill. There was something strange about him, the way he looked at Vicki. Always turning up in strange places. The cops look skeptical about her "mysterious stranger."

The cops think Jill is trying to protect Frankie "I just don't believe he did it, that's all" They ask if she's involved with him, and accuse her of being in love with him and wanting Vicki out of the way. Jill demands to see someone in authority, so they tell Mac to get Cornell. Who walks in? The creep who watched Vicki through the plate glass!

Enter rabid, self-righteous homicide Detective Ed Cornell (Cregar). Once he sets his sights on Frankie he begins to mercilessly hound him to the ends of hell if necessary, going after him with a flaming vengeance, trying to pin the murder on him. Cornell knows that Frankie is innocent but he is determined to persecute him. Cregar made an all too short career out playing imposing characters. He died at 28 in 1944 due to complications from a crash diet, always struggling with his weight, striving to obtain leading man status.

Jill is startled, the room is smoky and this massive shape looms over her with his girth "That's him, that's the man!" They think she's crazy. First, it's a mysterious stranger peeking through windows and now it's Ed Cornell. "That’s my job to look at people." Leaving the dark corner of the sweat box into the smoke factory with Frankie, things become more visible as Cornell emerges as a menacing force. She insists, "I did see you." “Alright Alright, I'm a peeping tom."

Jill Relates what happened on the car ride with Frankie, the night he learned Vicki was leaving, and she tells him he'll be glad to get rid of her because Jill is in love with him. Jill is just covering up her feelings. Frankie says Jill being in love with him, never entered his mind. Vicki is sure, "I know it's much deeper than that. That's why it’s so dangerous. Anything might happen."

Cornell writes down everything on his pad. Jill says that Vicki didn't mean the line about being glad to get rid of her, but he corrects her, “What she meant doesn't count. It's what she said.”

The night Jill found Vicki, as soon as she came out of the elevator she got a feeling something was wrong. There was music blasting from the radio. Frankie was there already – "Jill you don't think I did it, do you?" Jill is in shock.

Cornell goes back into the interrogation room with Frankie and tells him he knows about Vicki’s ‘get rid of me’ statement. The obsessed Cornell comes up with a scenario. Frankie’s mind got more and more inflamed with jealousy and hurt pride. Went up there and killed her in cold blood. Cornell loses his cool and lunges at Frankie, "I've got a mind to kill you right now."When Cornell gets rough, the other cops have to break it up. They all like Frankie and ask if he's got any tickets to the fights. They ask Cornell "What's the idea of riding him, so hard?” "I have years of experience in this racket. If that isn't the look of a guilty man, I'll take the rap myself." The District Attorney winds up getting his back up with Cornell when he focuses so much on Frankie’s guilt.

The District Attorney (Morris Ankrum) apologizes to Frankie. Jill is in the office too and tells him they think they know the identity of the killer. It’s the switchboard operator at the sisters’ apartment building. They think it’s Harry Williams. Jill leaves the police station and Frankie asks why they think it’s Williams. The D.A. tells him, William’s been missing since 5 pm last night, probably hiding out scared and shaky.

Frankie is released and later that night, Mature wakes up to find the huge, menacing Cregar sitting beside his bed, “Well that's the first time, I had a bad dream with my eyes open." “Someday you’re going to talk in your sleep, and when that day comes I want to be around.” The scene hints at Cornell’s repressed homosexual passion.

Cornell tells him he’ll get all the evidence he needs and tie him up like a pig in a slaughterhouse. Frankie unrattled, tells him, "You're the bright boy” and reminds him that they think Williams murdered Vicki. Victor Mature is so smooth, so mellow when he’s playing at being sarcastic, He says, "You're like something out of a museum you ought to have a magnifying glass and one of those trick hats with the ear flaps" Frankie throws Cornell out after he calls him cocky, and has had it his way too long. First with Vicki, then Jill. Cornell’s resentment is showing.

Jill finds Harry Williams who’s returned to the apartment building. She’s moving out, but he has already packed up her bags and taken them down to the lobby. Williams is a suspiciously hollow little insect who Jill finds strange. Frankie meets up with Robin at the police station. The cops show a reel of Vicki singing at a nightclub. Cornell watches her longingly which gives Frankie a window into Cornell’s longing for the dead girl. Cornell looks at Frankie with contempt.

The film of Vicki appears in the dark room filled with cigar smoke that makes wispy clouds float, and the rays of light from the projection booth. The light cast on Frankie's eyes is like an illuminated mask, it accentuates his epiphany "” that Cornell is obsessed with Vicki. He catches something in his stare. The light on Cornell’s face as HE stares back at Frankie, unmasks only half of his face, revealing the duplicity Cornell projects throughout the picture. It’s a brilliantly framed shot by Cronjager.

The film reel resurrects Vicki from the dead, like a ghost haunting the room. Robin Ray squirms in his chair and runs to get out. The door is locked. His behavior hints at his guilt. They put the lights on and bring him into the D.A.’s office. Ray tells them how he felt about her. She laughed at him. Called him "a has-been and didn't want to hitch her wagon to a falling star." He's the one that arranged the screen test but she went down there alone. He is obsolete, they decided they didn't need him. While he talks about her, Cornell looks out the window. Daylight casts patterns from the Venetian blinds that cut across his face. Odd angle profiles tilt the two-shot of Cornell and Mac off-kilter. Ray has an alibi. He was at a sanitarium. Cornell checked it out already and is gleeful that it rules out yet another suspect. He wants Frankie to fry for it. Cornell would have Frankie in the death house by now. “That won’t prevent you from going to the hot chair.” 

As Frankie is leaving the police station Cornell asks him for a lift uptown "Sure, always happy to oblige a goon"

Ed Cornell [bumming a ride in Frankie’s car] “I’m sorry to have to ask you to do this, but I’m a little short on cash lately. You see, I’ve spent so much of my own dough, trying to build up this case against you.”

Frankie Christopher (Victor Mature) Well, if there’s anything you need, just let me know.”

Ed Cornell Oh, I imagine they’ll make it right with me when I bring in the material for your trial. They usually do in these cases. I nick a guy on my own time and send him up to the chair, then I get back pay.”

Frankie Christopher “Must be a great life – like a garbage man, only with people!”

Ed Cornell “I got practically all the evidence I need now. I could arrest you today for that matter, but you might get some smart mouthpiece and get off with life instead of the chair. I won’t be satisfied until I’m *sure* it’s the chair.”

Frankie Christopher “You’re a gay dog, Cornell. You make me feel as if I’m driving a hearse!”

Ed Cornell Oh, I know your type. I’ve seen hundreds of them. I don’t scare you enough to make you commit suicide, but I worry you just the same. And when the day comes they all act different. Some scream, a few faint, some light a cigarette and try a wisecrack. But it sticks in their throats – especially when they’re hung.”

Cornell shows up at Jill's new apartment to intimidate her. Jill “What’s the good of living without hope?” Ed Cornell signals his own personal torture- “It can be done.” He advises her to just play along, insisting that she’s not even sure Frankie’s innocent. Once he’s left, Jill pulls out a note from behind a framed painting on the wall. It's from Frankie to Vicki, "After what you did last night, the sooner you're out of the way the better it will be."

Frankie takes Jill to the fights and then out on the town. She asks if he ever brought Vicki to the fights, and tells him it’s the first New York nightclub she’s ever been to. The El Chico club, he first took Vicki to. She sees how nice he is without all the flashy bluster and pretense. He's actually very real. Cornell follows them. Frankie asks her why she suddenly called him, "The trouble with you is that you pretend you don't care about things but you do. You were very upset about Vicki’s death weren't You? He tells her he'd like to find the guy, “Save the State on its electric bill. She was a good kid” Jill doesn't want him to be guilty. "Did you love her?" “No, do you think if I'd loved her I would have tried to exploit her the way I did?… Vicki was pretty, gay, and amusing She had lots to offer and I wanted to put her in the right place on the map. After all, that's my business But when a man really loves a woman, he doesn't want to plaster her face all over papers and magazines. He wants to keep her to himself."

Looking into her eyes, he tells her he’s in love with her. Larry Evans sees them together and calls in the story "Stepping out"¦ Dancing on the grave."

Frankie takes Jill to his favorite swimming spot. It’s a lovely scene, that brings some lightness to the external space in the story. She shows him the note he wrote to Vickie and he asks why she didn’t turn it in to the police. Jill tells him she knew he was innocent and what the note meant, at the moment they were dancing at the nightclub. When they are back at the apartment, Cornell walks in and takes the note. They cuff Frankie. Cornell who is obviously framing him is just waiting for the chance to catch him. Frankie tells him anyone could have written a note like that. He was burned up when Vicki dropped the bomb that she was leaving. He finds out that Cornell has planted a set of brass knuckles in his apartment. Vicki was hit hard behind the ear with a heavy object. The depraved Cornell punches Frankie in the guts. "You're like a rat in a hole."

As Cornell is about to take him downtown, Frankie is on the ground after Cornell’s hostile assault, Jill hits Cornell from behind and helps Frankie escape. Big fat head bullying him, she says.

Frankie proposes, “Mind marrying a hunted man?” She tells him, "Most married men have a hunted look anyway." He tells her his real name – Botticelli, the son of Italian immigrants. Then he shows her how to hide in the city. They duck into an adult movie house, watching the same picture over and over. Then they decide to split up for the time being and she goes to the public library. The cops find her, and Frankie sees them taking her away. The newspaper headline says "Christopher eludes police dragnet." Cornell stalks the streets. Frankie sneaks up on him. "Let Jill go”, and he'll turn himself in. Ed Cornell (Laird Cregar) “I’ll follow you into your grave. I’ll write my name on your tombstone.” "You're not a cop you're crazy trying to frame an innocent man." Frankie throws a tootsie roll at him and takes off. Cornell assures him, he'll eventually get him. Always smirking like the devil.

Cornell tells the D.A. a parable about the African Butterfly and how to trap the male to set the female free. He wants him to let Jill out of her box to lure Frankie. She goes home, sneaks out through the window, and surprises Frankie at the adult movie house. At the apartment, she has found little cards from flowers that were sent to Vicki, and at the funeral. She shows them to Frankie. The message on the cards says, "Because I promised."

They go to Rosedale Cemetery and when he meets the caretaker, Frankie pretends to be a reporter and asks if anybody lately has been around Vicki’s grave. There were many flowers at the funeral, and the caretaker tells him that the grave's been getting flowers each day since she died. Frankie learns where they were sent from, and goes to Keating Florist. It turns out that Larry sent them. Frankie confronts Larry who admits he was with Vicki the day she died. He had promised to send her flowers every day when she left for Hollywood, and he wanted to keep his word. Larry winds up giving Frankie a clue about the killer, and he goes to the old apartment and gets Mac to give him a half hour. He has a strong hunch.

The next scene is ripe with atmosphere when Frankie leans against the wall in Vicki’s old apartment. The lattice shadows fence Frankie in. Harry Williams is sleeping at the front desk. Vicki rings the desk and speaks in Vicki's voice "Hello Harry, this is Vicki" He's visibly shaken. Frankie watches his reaction. His eyes open wider as the buzzing mocks him, "Harry this is Vicki. Why did you do it, Harry? Didn't you love me?" Frankie confronts Williams. “You let yourself in with your passkey and waited for her. You loved her. She panicked and screamed.” Williams admits,  “I told the cop that when he chased me to Brooklyn. Cornell knew all along it was Williams. The dirty Cornell told him to just come back and keep his mouth shut. Mac hears the confession. Frankie tells him, he wants 5 minutes alone with Cornell.

He goes to his apartment and finds a perverse and macabre shrine to Vicki. Her image is like a talisman in his suffocating little apartment. He discovers the prominent photograph of Vicki in an elaborate frame. Cornell unaware that Frankie is there, comes in and places fresh flowers underneath the photograph, as an offering. Frankie watches then emerges, "You knew. Why'd you want to fry me?"He tells Frankie, "I lost Vicki long before Williams killed her. You were the one who took her away from me" Cornell wanted to marry her. Had this furnished apartment set up. Bought her perfume. “Til he came along and put ideas in her head. She thought she was too good for me. He could have killed him then.” Frankie puts it to him, "Why didn't ya?" "Cause I had the hook in your mouth and I wanted to see you suffer."

Cornell resented Frankie’s closeness to Vicki and inhabits a world that excludes him. In contrast to the suave Frankie Christopher, he is a lumbering and awkward outsider. To Cornell, Vicki will always be as unattainable as the first time he gazed upon her through the window. He was struck by her beauty, but she was completely and forever out of his reach. Cornell is like a lurking monster straight out of a classic horror movie. His uneasy presence lends to a surreal and menacing mood.

A Trailer a day keeps the Boogeyman away! I Wake Up Screaming (1941)

Continue reading “31 Flavors of Noir on the Fringe to Lure You In! Part 1”

Postcards from Shadowland Halloween Edition 2020 –

The Unknown Terror (1957)

The Golem (1920)

The Man from Planet X (1951)

Woman in the Moon (1931)

Four Sided Triangle (1953)

Doctor X (1932)

Häxan (1922)

City of the Dead aka Horror Hotel (1960)

The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1920)

Murders in the Rue Morgue (1932)

Invasion of the Saucer Men (1957)

It Came from Outer Space (1953)

The Brain from Planet Arous (1957)

Not of this Earth (1957)

Terror is a Man (1959)

The Giant Claw (1957)

Nosferatu (1922)

Dracula 1931

Dracula (1931)

Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1931)

Frankenstein Meets the Wolfman (1943)

Left to right: Bud Abbott, Lou Costello, Evelyn Ankers, Joan Davis and Richard Carlson in HOLD THAT GHOST (1941), directed by Arthur Lubin.

The Thing from Another World (1951)

The Most Dangerous Game (1932)

Son of Frankenstein (1939)

Corridors of Blood (1958)

The Seventh Victim (1943)

The Queen of Spades (1949)

It Conquered the World (1956)

The Invisible Man Returns (1940)

The Raven (1932)

House of Dracula (1945)

Isle of the Dead (1945)

The Bad Seed (1956)

13 Ghosts (1960)

Horror Island (1941)

The Last Man on Earth (1964)

 

Chapter 4 – Queers and Dykes in the Dark: Classic, Noir & Horror Cinema’s Coded Gay Characters:

CODED CLASSIC HORROR THEORY “The Uncanny & The Other”

“Scenes of excessive brutality and gruesomeness must be cut to an absolute minimum.”

“As a cultural index, the pre-Code horror film gave a freer rein to psychic turmoil and social disorientation because it possessed a unique freedom from censorship… the Hays Office admits that under the Code it is powerless to take a stand on the subject of ‘gruesomeness.‘(Thomas Doherty)

Horror films in particular have made for a fascinating case study in the evolving perceptions of queer presence; queer-horror filmmakers and actors were often forced to lean into the trope of the “predatory queer” or the “monstrous queer” to claim some sense of power through visibility and blatant expressions of sexuality.- Essential Queer Horror Films by Jordan Crucciola-2018

Though Hollywood execs refused to show explicit queerness, they were willing to pay for scripts that dealt with characters that were social outcasts and sexually non-normative. The horror genre is perhaps the most iconic coded queer playground, which seems to have an affinity with homosexuality because of its apparatus of ‘otherizing’ and the inherent representation of difference. The horror genre crosses over boundaries that include transgressions between heterosexuality and queerness. The villain, fiend, or monster plays around with a variety of elements that, while usually separate, might merge male and female gender traits.

The horror film, in particular, found its place asserting a queer presence on screen. The narratives often embraced tropes of the “˜predatory queer’ or the “˜monstrous queer’ in order to declare themselves visible while cinematic queers were elbowed out of the way. Filmmakers had to maneuver their vision in imaginative ways to subvert the structure laid out for them by the Code.

As Harry M. Benshoff explains in his book Monsters in the Closet: Homosexuality in the Horror Film, “Immediately before and during the years of World War II, Universal Studio’s horror films began to employ a more humanistic depiction of their monsters,” and the films of Val Lewton, like Cat People, reflected “a growing awareness of homosexuality, homosexual communities, and the dynamics of homosexual oppression as it was played out in society and the military.” So even though Hollywood execs refused to show explicit queerness, during the first true horror boom in American cinema, they were willing to pay for stories about social outcasts and sexually nonnormative figures. Horror fans thus found themselves awash in some of the genre’s most iconic queer-coded characters of all time.

On a Greek Island, Boris Karloff plays Gen. Nikolas Pherides in Val Lewton/Mark Robsin’s Isle of the Dead 1945. Driven insane by the belief that Thea (Ellen Drew), who suffers from catalepsy, is the embodiment of an evil vampiric force, is a demon called a vorvolaka. Lewton drew on collective fears, and all his work had an undercurrent of queer panic and a decipherable sign of homophobia.

The Vorvolaka has beset the island with plague. Thea- “Laws can be wrong, and laws can be cruel, and the people who live only by the law are both wrong and cruel.”

The Pre-Code era was exploding with American horror films, that reflected the angst, social unrest, and emotional distress that audiences were feeling. Personified in films that used graphic metaphors to act as catharsis, the images were often filled with rage, as Thomas Doherty calls it ‘the quality of gruesomeness, cruelty and vengefulness’. Think of the angry mobs with their flaming torches who hunt down Frankenstein’s monster, eventually crucifying him like a sacrificial embodiment of their fury. James Whale’s adaptation of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein 1931 was a smash hit for Universal. Other studios were trying to ride the wave of the awakening genre of the horror picture. Paramount released director Rouben Mamoulian’s adaption of the novella The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, by Scottish writer Robert Louis Stevenson, published in 1886. The film Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, which was released in 1931, stars Fredric March and Miriam Hopkins. During the Pre-Code period, many horror films proposed grisly subject matter that would shock and mesmerize the audience. For example, actor/director Irving Pichel’s The Most Dangerous Game (1932) starring Joel McCrea, Leslie Banks, and Fay Wray.

In 1932 Michael Curtiz directed Doctor X starring Lionel Atwill who would become one of the leading mad scientists of the genre.

Michael Curtiz’s macabre horror/fantasy experiment of homosocial ‘men doing science’, crossing over into profane territories and embracing dreadful taboos!

All scenes below from Dr. X (1932).

Fay Wray is Atwill’s daughter who is the only woman surrounded by a group of scientific nonconformists.

The adaptation of Bram Stoker’s story of the Eastern European incubus was interpreted by Tod Browning in Dracula 1931, immortalized by Hungarian stage actor Bela Lugosi with his iconic cape and mesmerizing stare. While his nightly visitations were blood-driven and cinematically sexual in nature, there is a very homoerotic element to his influence over Renfield (Dwight Frye) and his gaze of gorgeous David Manners as John Harker.

Bela Lugosi looks down upon David Manners in a scene from the film ‘Dracula’, 1931. (Photo by Universal/Getty Images)

Robert Florey directed the macabre Murders in the Rue Morgue (1932) based on a story by Edgar Allan Poe. And a film that has no connection to Poe’s story but in the name is one of the most transgressive, disturbing horror films rampant with vile taboos, such as necrophilia, incest, sadism, satanism, and flaying a man alive, is the unorthodox The Black Cat (1934). The film stars Boris Karloff and Bela Lugosi, one of four pictures they would do together. A pair of enemies who have a score to settle, ghosts of a past war, and stolen love all take place with the backdrop of a stylish Bauhaus set design and high-contrast lighting.

Paramount released Murders in the Zoo (1933) with Lionel Atwill, a sadistic owner of a zoo who uses wild animals to ravage and kill off any of his wife’s (Kathleen Burke) suitors. Kathleen Burke is well known as the panther girl in Erle C. Kenton’s horrifically disturbing Island of Lost Souls 1932, an adaptation of master fantasy writer H.G. Wells’ The Island of Dr. Moreau. Incidentally, Welles, Laughton, and wife Elsa Lanchester had been good friends earlier on, before the filming of Lost Souls. The film stars Charles Laughton as the unorthodox, depraved scientist who meddles with genetics and nature. He creates gruesome human/animals, torturing them with vivisection in his ‘house of pain.’ The film also stars Richard Arlen, Leila Hyams, and Bela Lugosi as The Sayer of the Law.

In 1933, King Kong showed a giant ape grasping the half-naked object of his affection, with unmentionable connotations of bestiality between the ape and Fay Wray. With scenes of Wray writhing in his gigantic paws, he lusts after her until his desire kills him. It’s almost like fantasy noir: the object of your desire will ultimately kill you!

The 1930s and 1940s Fear the Queer Monsters:

Re-assessing the Hitchcock Touch; by Wieland Schwanebeck -As Rhona Berenstein asserts, the horror genre “provides a primary arena for sexualities and practices that fall outside the purview of patriarchal culture, and the subgeneric tropes of the unseen, the host and the haunted house.”

By the same token, Kendra Bean concludes that Mrs. Danvers is portrayed as “a wraith; a sexual predator who is out to make Mrs. de Winter her next victim.”

Queer characters in horror films during the early period, reveal similarities between Mrs. Danvers and the staging of earlier sapphic characters, such as Gloria Holdens’s well-known portrayal of Countess Marya Zaleska in Dracula’s Daughter 1936. Yet, similar to the self-discipline of Mrs. Danvers, Dracula’s Daughter remains a figure of primacy and pity Ellis Hanson argues Dracula’s Daughter presents “the possibilities of a queer Gothic” early on in Hollywood history, “rich in all the paradox and sexual indeterminacy the word queer and the word Gothic imply.

There was a revival of the horror craze during the period of WWII. The Hollywood studios, both major and ‘Poverty Row” like Monogram and Republic, realized that horror movies were a lucrative business. The studios began to revisit the genre, looking for not only fresh formulas but they resurrected the classic monsters, dropping them into new plots. They also envisioned uniting gangster films with horror films, and this homogenizing led to a ‘queering’ of the two styles that demonstrated phallocentric ( guns, scientific penetration) and homoerotic themes and images into a sub-genre.

Public awareness of homosexuality reached a new height during these years, primarily due to the new set of social conditions wrought by war. Slowly , the love that dare not speak its name was being spoken, albeit in ways almost always obscurantist, punitive and homophobic. The linkage of homosexuality with violence and disease remained strong. Monsters in the Closet -Harry Benshoff

Rhona Berenstein, in her insightful book Attack of the Leading Ladies points out that films featuring the mad scientist trope operate with the homosocial principle, which speaks of the homoeroticism of males working together in consort subverting science together as a group of men who hide behind their objectification -the female object of their gaze, are in fact, figures of objectification themselves. They are simultaneously homosocial, homoerotic, and homophobic in aspect; … potentially possessing an extra-normative commitment between the two men.

Mad Doctor movies are homosocial in nature. The Mad Doctor movie is a subgenre that, below the surface, glorifies intimate male camaraderie and male homosexuality, and by the close of the picture, society, the prevailing culture, must, in turn, annihilate that which is repressed. However, it is not exclusively a vehicle to express homosexuality through homosocial interactions. There is a component not only of male bonding, a world without women; the thrust is a synthesis of misogyny and patriarchal tyranny and oppression of women. Homosocial relationships between men in these science horrors show the man’s desire for connection to other men, even one created by his own hand.

According to (Twitchell) in his Dreadful Pleasures, and Attack of the Leading Ladies (Rona Berenstein) Colin Clive as Dr. Frankenstein in all three Universal pictures, was at least performing bisexuality. Whale’s 1933 Frankenstein might give way to the homosocial realm of the mad scientist trope of ‘homoerotic indulgence’ as these men exclude women from the pursuit of their fulfillment. Twitchell views the scientist’s fluid sexuality in order to examine the concept of a man controlling women’s primacy of giving birth. This might explain Dr. Frankenstein’s venture into unnatural reproduction. A process he wants to divert to himself without women’s exclusive right to motherhood. In the scene where he is as close to giving birth to a full-grown man, he seems to display sexual arousal when his creation comes to life. Henry Frankenstein provokes nature and defies his heterosexuality. As Whale was an openly gay director in Hollywood, it can be pondered whether he knew exactly what he was suggesting. Thesiger’s sexually ambiguous, or okay, not so ambiguous Dr. Pretorius, the mad scientist who pressures Henry Frankenstein to revitalize his experiments and create a mate for the monster. Pretorius is the scientist who insists Henry continue his creative efforts in Bride of Frankenstein. Vitto Russo called Thesiger, a “man who played the effete sissy”¦ with much verve and wit.”

George Zucco, like Lionel Atwill, often portrayed the unorthodox scientist who flirted with taboos. He plays mad scientist Dr. Alfred Morris in The Mad Ghoul (1943) As a university chemistry professor, he exploits medical student Ted Allison (David Bruce) with his experimental gas that transforms Ted into a malleable, yielding macabre ghoul, whom Morris directs to kill and remove the victim’s hearts using the serum to temporarily bring Ted back from his trance like death state. David Bruce’s character is represented as a ‘queer’ sort of young man. He is not quite masculine and is unable to get his girlfriend, Evelyn Ankers, to fall in love with him. As the Mad Ghoul, he becomes a monstrous queer.

In 1932, director Tod Browning’s Dracula based on Bram Stoker’s story of a fiendish vampire who in a sexually implicit way, violates his victims by penetrating them with his fangs. The story pushed the boundaries of storytelling, and there was an inherent subtext of ‘queer’ ravishment when he sucks the blood of Dwight Frye to make him his loyal servant.

In Jonathan Harker’s Journal, the protagonist recounts his impressions of his interaction with the vampire, Dracula “As the Count leaned over me and his hands touched me I could not repress a shudder. It may have been that his breath was rank, but a horrible feeling of nausea came over me, which do what I would, I could not conceal.” For (Noël Carroll) the entry in his diary conveys revulsion by the Count’s closeness and offensive presence, which causes him to become sickened.

But it also could be read that Harker’s ‘shudder’ is not about his revulsion, but rather, an uncontrolled sexual response to the vampire’s looming over him, which could be interpreted not just as hunger for his ‘blood’ but an expression of repressed sexual desire and the fear it causes.

Horror movies have always pushed the boundaries of normalcy, by virtue of the fact that these films are inhabited by ‘monsters’, something ‘queerly’ different. And it is natural to observe two diverging responses to the impact of the horror genre and often, its persecution of what is ‘different’ and the source of what causes our anxiety.

Dracula may appear as the image of a man, but the count is far from human. While monsters in classical horror films are based on systems of maleness, they are split from being actual men. Although there are physical interactions and suggestive contact with the heroine, there isn’t the foundation of heterosexuality, but something quite deviant within their aggressively erotic encounters and/or assaults. The understanding of sexuality and the most narrow identifications that are assigned to varying orientations in a large sense is not translatable for the deeper layers of the monster and their relationship to their victims. In Hollywood, horror films can be seen as heterosexuality being invaded by an abhorrent outside force; inherent in the underlying message could be racism, classism, sexism, and gay panic. Though it can be interpreted as a landscape of heterosexuality that is in the full power of its universal presence, horror films are perfect platforms that can illustrate the collapse of heterosexuality and the subversion of sexuality.

The horror genre is a breeding ground for portrayals of the shattering of heterosexual power. This can be seen in Lambert Hillyer’s Dracula’s Daughter (1936) starring Gloria Holden as the sapphic vampire who lives in a New Village-type artist’s den, it signals her outsider status from domesticity and normalcy.

In White Zombie (1932), Bela Lugosi plays the eerily menacing Legendre. He turns men into lifeless workers who run the sugar mill. Legendre also begins to turn the plantation owner, Charles Beaumont (Robert Frazer), into one of his zombies. His motivation for his control over people is ambiguous, though there seems to be sexual reasoning for both the beautiful Madeline (Madge Bellamy) and Beaumont. In the scene where Beaumont is nearly paralyzed, Legendre’s control over his male victim parallels the sexual entrapment of the movie’s heroine.

MAD LOVE (1935) I have conquered science! Why can’t I conquer love?

Karl Freund’s Grand Guignol Mad Love (1935) shifts from gazing at the female to gazing at the male. Here the focus is on Peter Lorre in his American screen debut as Dr. Gogol, who has an obsession with Frances Drake as Yvonne Orlac an actress who works at Grand Guignol Theatre. To Gogol, she is the typified defenseless heroine whom he tries to lure away from her husband, Stephen (Colin Clive), using his knowledge of scientific alchemy.

Though Gogol tries to become Yvonne’s master, his Galatea, there are critics who read the struggle between the two men as not just a rivalry for Yvonne’s love but Gogol’s desire for Stephen as well. Gogol is responsible for grafting new hands onto Stephen’s mangled body after a train crash. Mad Love could fit the criteria for the subgenre of science/horror films where the male gaze is diverted from the female object toward other men, in this case, what connected the two was the preservation of Stephen’s hands. Why, then, is it not possible that the focus could shift from Gogol’s attraction to Yvonne to the homosocial dynamics between Gogol as a doctor and his subject, Stephen?

Mad Love possesses some of the horror genre’s most tenacious performances of gender play. (Carol Clover) asks us to take a closer look at Freund’s film. It is less about the “suffering experienced by women, but at a deeper, more sustained level, it is dedicated to the unspeakable terrors endured by men.”

In a similar fashion to Waldo Lydecker’s (Laura) and Hardy Cathcart’s (The Dark Corner) pathology of objectifying Laura and Mari, Gogol worships Yvonne – his Galatea, with a measure of scopophilia that lies within his gaze upon the perfection of female beauty. To control and possess it. The pleasure is aroused by the mere indulgence of looking at her.

Gogol pays 75 francs to purchase the wax statue of Galatea. The seller remarks, “There’s queer people on the streets of Montmartre tonight.”

Gogol’s maid Francoise talks to the statue, “Whatever made him bring you here. There’s never been any woman in this house except maybe me… “I prefer live ones to dead ones.”

A Time Magazine review of Mad Love in 1933 notes this queer appeal directly, even comparing Lorre’s acting skills to those of another homosexual coded actor: I find the comment about their faces rude and insulting to both Lorre and Laughton, both of whom I am a tremendous fan.

Mad Love’s insane doctor is feminized throughout the film… In fact, the same reporter who noted Gogol’s sadism argues for his feminine demeanor: “Lorre, perfectly cast, uses the technique popularized by Charles Laughton of suggesting the most unspeakable obsessions by the roll of a protuberant eyeball, an almost feminine mildness of tone, an occasional quiver of thick lips set flat in his cretinous ellipsoidal face. This reviewer came closer than any other to articulate the subtext of mad doctor movies. He seems on the verge of noting that Lorre, Like Laughton is an effeminate madman obsessed by unspeakable homosocial desire. Attack of the Leading Ladies: Gender Sexuality and Spectatorship in Classic Horror Cinema by Rhona Berenstein

Frances Drake’s heroine masquerades as a wife who deludes herself into believing that her husband is more masculine than he really is. Gogol has a curious empathy with Stephen, whom he touches frequently and prolonged. Although Gogol pursues the heroine, Yvonne, at the theater, forcing a kiss on her, his focus is primarily manipulating Stephen’s body, rejoining his hands and massaging them to stimulate life back into them. When he realizes that Stephen’s hands cannot be grafted back successfully to his wrists, he turns to another man, the hands of a knife thrower who was executed as a notorious murderer. Once Stephen recovers from the surgery, he can no longer continue as a concert pianist but does develop the desire to throw sharp knives.

On the surface the plot of Mad Love appears to be a heterosexual obsession, the most unspoken context is the connection between Gogol and Stephen. As is true of Frankenstein’s labor of love in Whale’s first film, Gogol sews men’s body parts together and the result is a monster of sorts. (Berenstein)

In the film’s climax, Yvonne hides in Gogol’s bedroom and pretends to be the wax statue of Galatea. When Gogol touches the statue, she lets out a scream. In a euphoric daze (as in the original story), he believes that he has the power to bring Galatea’s statue to life. Yvonne begs him to let her go as he tries to strangle her.

Stephen then rushes to his wife and holds her in his arms. With his eyes fixed on the offscreen space in which Gogol’s body lies, he croons: “My darling.” The homosocial desire is destroyed when Stephen murders Gogol who intones, “Each man kills the thing he loves”“” echoing on the soundtrack.

In the film’s closing moments, the secret desire is finally spoken out loud…Has Stephen killed the man he loves? Given that the phrase that Gogol mutters was written originally by Oscar Wilde, whose homosexuality scandalized the British social and legal system in 1895, reading the homosocial desire into Mad Love within the very last moments, we are left to decipher the suspended cues. We are left with Stephen’s gazing at Gogol’s face and his knifed body as he lay dying, he speaks the words, “˜My darling” while the camera frames the two men sharing that moment in the closing scene.

The mad doctor narrative is particularly predisposed to homosocial impulses. “intense male homosocial desire as at once the most compulsory and the most prohibited of social bonds” – Epistemology of the Closet (Sedgwick)

Sedgwick investigated early fantasy/horror novels, Shelley’s Frankenstein 1818, Stevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde 1886, and Wells’ The Island of Dr. Moreau 1895. At the beginning of the 1930s, these stories centered around mad doctors who delved into unorthodox, profane explorations and were all adapted to the screen. All of these nefarious or scientific, inquisitive men cultivated secret experiments, challenging the laws of nature. What Sedgwick found was that the Gothic literary representations of men performing homosocial collaborations were ‘not socially sanctioned and shunned.’

It was considered a necessary narrative element as well as a monstrous possibility that threatened to subvert the status quo. The combination of these two attitudes is expressed in homosocial narratives- male bonding is both horrifying and guaranteed, entailing the simultaneous introjection and expulsion of femininity. (Sedgwick)

“My darling”…

James Whale was a gay auteur who often imbued his work intentionally or with the ‘intentional fallacy’ of a ‘queer’ sense of dark humor. This comical, campy absurdity was always on the edge of his vision of horror and subtle profanity. His picture The Invisible Man (1933), adapted from H.G. Wells’s story and starring Claude Rains, was classified as a horror film by the Code.

Dr. Jack Griffin (Rains), the antihero, is a frenzied scientist addicted to his formula as he seeks the ability to make himself invisible. His sanity begins to ‘vanish’ as his hunger for power, delusions of grandeur, and bursts of megalomania grow out of control. He plans on assassinating government officials, and he becomes more belligerent the longer he turns invisible. The idea that he displays radical ideas and runs around in the nude didn’t seem to arouse the censors; in 1933, a letter from James Wingate to Hays states, “highly fantastic and exotic [sic] vein, and presents no particular censorship difficulties.”

What’s interesting about the presentation of the story is that the coded gay leitmotifs were paraded out, right under the Code’s noses, and didn’t stir any indignation for its ‘queer’ humor.

Gloria Stuart and Claude Rains in James Whale’s The Invisible Man 1933

The Invisible Man perpetrates campy assaults on all the ‘normal’ people in his way, with intervals of sardonic cackles and golden wit and, at the same time, a menacing reflection of light and shadow. Claude Rains is a concealed jester who makes folly of his victims.

“An invisible man can rule the world. Nobody will see him come, nobody will see him go. He can hear every secret. He can rob, and wreck, and kill.” –Dr. Jack Griffin (The Invisible Man)

Claude Rains plays Dr. Jack Griffin, an outsider (a favorite of James Whale’s characters) who discovers the secret of invisibility, which changes him from a mild yet arrogant scientist into a maniacal killer. The film bears much of Whale’s campy sense of humor, with Griffin’s comic shenanigans abound until things turn dark and he becomes uncontrollably violent. “We’ll begin with a reign of terror, a few murders here and there, Murders of great men, Murders of little men, just to show we make no distinction. I might even wreck a train or two… just these fingers around a signalman’s throat, that’s all.”

According to Gary Morris (Bright Lights Film Journal), ‘The film demands crypto-faggot reading in poignant scenes such as the one where he reassures his ex-girlfriend, who begs him to hide from the authorities: “the whole worlds my hiding place. I can stand out there amongst them in the day or night and laugh at them.”

Though Griffin’s (Claude Rains) character is unseen at times, there are potent moments, when he is animated as he skips to the tune, “Here we go gathering nuts in May” flitting around like a fairy.

It is suggested that The Invisible Man is a metaphor for the way homosexuals are seen/not seen by society – as “effeminate, dangerous when naked, seeking a male partner in “crime,” tending to idolize his fiance rather than love her, and becoming ‘visible’ only when shot by the police…monitored by doctors, and heard regretting his sin against God (i.e., made into a statistic by the three primary forces oppressing queers: the law, the medical establishment, and religious orthodoxy” (Sedgwick)

The Invisble Man [undressing] “They’ve asked for it, the country bumpkins. This will give them a bit of a shock, something to write home about. A nice bedtime story for the kids, too, if they want it”

Continue reading “Chapter 4 – Queers and Dykes in the Dark: Classic, Noir & Horror Cinema’s Coded Gay Characters:”